Ch 3 Flashcards
Cell wall of prokaryotic con
Peptidoglycan provides rigidity to bacterial cell walls preventing walls from lysing
Gram - positive
Thick layer of peptidogycan that contains Teichoic acids & lipoteichoic acids
Gram- negative
This layer of peptidoglycon surrounded by an outer membrane. The outer layer of the outer membrane is lipopolysaccharicle.
Cytoplasmic membrane
phospholipid bilayer embedded with proteins. Surrounds the cytoplasm which separates it from the external environment . Also transmits information about the external environment to the inside of the cell
DNA
Carrie the genetic information of the cell
Chromosome
Carries genetic information required by cell typically a single circular double stranded DNA molecules
Plasmid
Generally carries only genetic information that may be advantageous to a cell in certain situations
Endospore
A type of dormant, so that is extraordinarily resistant to heat, desiccation, ultraviolet, light and toxic chemicals
Cytoskeleton
Pro Tien framework involved in cell division, and control of cell shape
Granules
Accommodation of high molecular weight polymers synthesized from a nutrient available in relative excess
Ribosomes
Involved in protein synthesis to subunits 30 us and 50 S join to form the 70 S ribosome
Prokaryotic cell compared to eukaryotic cell
Prokaryotic cells: no nucleus, no organelles usually have a single circular chromosome in a nucleoid region
Eukaryotic cells: have a nucleus have organelles have a nucleus surrounded by a complex nuclear membrane, and contain multiple chromosomes, tend to be larger
Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells have
The cell membrane, DNA ribosomes
Prokaryotic cells, ( bacteria, archaea )
No nucleus, DNA is concentrated in a nucleoid no organelles
bacteria: peptidoglycan cell walls
Archaea: pseudopeptidoglycan cell walls
Divides by binary fission
Eukaryotic
Has a nucleus that houses DNA
Has organelles
Polysaccharide cell walls when present like in plant cells
Humans do not have a cell wall
Divide by mitosis
Prokaryotic cell components
Flagella
Pili
Capsule
Cell wall
Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleoid where the DNA is concentrated
Ribosomes
Endospores
Streptococcus pyogenes
Coccus shaped
Gram-positive bacteria causes disease such as strep throat
E.Coli
Rod shaped, gram-negative, bacillus bacteria normally found in the intestines of healthy humans. Most strains are harmless. Some strains can cause illness.
H.Pylori
Spiral bacterium gram-negative common cause of stomach ulcers
Flagella
Flagella involved in bacteria motility
Spin like propellers to move cells
Long proteins structure
Some important and diseases
Number an arrangement help with characterization of bacteria
Polar flagellum: single flagellum at one end of cell
some bacteria have tuft at one or both ends
Flagella in bacteria
Three parts
Filament, flagellin, protein
Hook
Basal body
Pili
Shorter than flagella
Made of proteins
Common pili allows bacteria cells to attach to surfaces via twitching gliding
Sex pilus
used to join bacteria for DNA transfer and bacterial conjugation
Plasmids can be transferred to another bacteria this way
Mechanism involved in spreading antibiotic resistance
Chemotaxis
Bacteria, sense, chemicals, and move accordingly
Nutrients me attract toxins may repel
Movement a series of runs and tumbles
Other responses observed