Ch. 8.3 - Language And Communication

Question 1

behaviourist theory

Answer 1

children acquire sentence structure and syntax through learning and conditioning (B. F. Skinner 1950s)

Question 2

nativist theory

Answer 2

assumes humans have a native (genetic) predisposition to develop language (Noam Chomsky 1950s)

Question 3

interactionist theory

Answer 3

language development involved both biology and experience

Question 4

cross-fostered

Answer 4

raised as a member of a family that was not of the same species

Question 5

genes and language (2)

Answer 5

• language evolved to solve problems

- number of genes involved

Question 6

enculturation

Answer 6

gradual acquisition of characteristics and norms of a culture

Question 7

complex animal communication (3)

Answer 7

• honeybee waggle dance
• referential alarm calls
• dolphin whistles

Question 8

animal communication (4)

Answer 8

• semanticity: referential alarm calls
• productivity: combining signs
• displacement: waggle dance
• social learned: vocal learning species

Question 9

Viki (chimp)

Answer 9

four words: mama, papa, up , cup

Question 10

Washoe (chimp)

Answer 10

taught ASL ~350 signs

Question 11

Koko (gorilla)

Answer 11

100 GSL signs and understood ~2000 spoken words

Question 12

Kanzi (bonobo)

Answer 12

lexigram and understood 350 symbols and 3000 spoken words

Question 13

dolphins

Answer 13

learn syntactic rules in an articulate gestural language

Question 14

Chaser (border collie)

Answer 14

learned over 1000 words

Question 15

Alex (African grey parrot)

Answer 15

could say >100 words to indemnify shapes, colours, numbers, etc