Ch. 8.2 - Properties Of Language Flashcards

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1
Q

language

A

form of communication that involves spoken, written or gestural symbols that are combined in a rule-based form

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2
Q

unique features of language (4)

A
  • semanticity
  • productivity
  • displacement
  • socially learned
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3
Q

phonemes (2)

A
  • most basic unit of speech sounds

- vocal tract capable of 200 different phonemes

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4
Q

morphemes (2)

A
  • smallest meaningful units of a language

- productivity

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5
Q

semantics (2)

A
  • study of how people come to understand the meaning from words
  • dyslexia
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6
Q

syntax

A

rules for combining words and morphemes into meaningful phrases and sentences

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7
Q

pragmatics (3)

A
  • study of non linguistic elements of language use
  • contextual effects (prior knowledge, environment, tone of voice)
  • informal rules of language (social assumptions)
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8
Q

aphasias

A

language disorders caused by damage to the brain structures that support using and understanding language

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9
Q

Wernicke’s area (2)

A
  • area of brain most associated with finding the meaning of words
  • aphasia: speaking in sentences that lack meaning
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10
Q

Broca’s area (2)

A
  • controls our ability to articulate speech sounds that compose words
  • aphasia: can still understand speech but cant speak fluently
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11
Q

sounds perception (3)

A
  • newborns distinguish function and content words, then come to prefer the content words by 6 months
  • infants as young as 2 months show a preference for speech sounds over non-speech sounds
  • 3 month olds initially capable if distinguishing all 200 phonemes, but lose this ability around 10 months
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12
Q

fast-mapping (4)

A
  • ability to map words onto concepts after a single exposure
  • naming explosion
  • receptive vocab larger than productive vocab
  • over generalization, over extension, and under extension errors
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13
Q

naming explosion

A

rapid increase in vocab size that occurs around 20-24 months

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14
Q

sensitive period (4)

A
  • time during childhood during which children’s brains are primed to develop language skills
  • ability fades starting 7th year
  • same with sign language
  • language acquisition
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15
Q

costs of being bilingual (2)

A
  • smaller vocab

- word access diminished in adulthood compared to unilingual adults

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16
Q

benefits of being bilingual (2)

A
  • executive functions improved

- potential health benefits