Ch. 6 - Classical Conditioning

Question 1

Learning

Answer 1

Process by which behaviour or knowledge changes as a result of experience

Question 2

Cognitive learning

Answer 2

Reading, listening, and taking tests to require new knowledge

Question 3

Associative learning

Answer 3

Pairing stimuli

Question 4

Classical conditioning

Answer 4

• learning that occurs when a neutral stimulus elicits a response that was originally caused by another stimulus
• Pavlov’s (un)conditioned response

Question 5

Hebb’s rule

Answer 5

When a weak connection between neurones is stimulated at the same time as a strong connection, the weak connection is strengthened

Question 6

Acquisition

Answer 6

Initial phase of learning in which a response is established

Question 7

Extinction

Answer 7

Loss or weakening of a CR when a CS and US no longer occurs together

Question 8

Spontaneous recovery

Answer 8

Reoccurrence of a previously extinguished response

Question 9

Generalization

Answer 9

A response that originally occurs to a specific stimulus also occurs to a different, though similar stimulus

Question 10

Discrimination

Answer 10

Occurs when an organism learns to respond to one original stimulus but not to a new stimuli similar to the original stimulus

Question 11

Conditioned emotional responses (2)

Answer 11

• consists of emotional and physiological responses that develop to a specific type of object or situation
• Little Albert, phobias

Question 12

Fear conditioning and psychopathy (3)

Answer 12

-face stimuli paired with electric shock during conditioning
>should generate negative emotional response to face
-when faces presented presented alone after conditioning, people with psychopathy showed little physiological arousal compared to control subjects

Question 13

Preparedness

Answer 13

Biological predisposition to rapidly learn a response to a particular class of stimuli

Question 14

Conditioned taste aversion (4)

Answer 14

• acquired dislike or disgust of a food/drink because it was paired with illness
• often learned in one trial
• occur even though illness is often delayed from when food was ingested
• new foods are more prone to conditioned taste aversion

Question 15

Evaluate conditioning (3)

Answer 15

• when one stimulus takes on the emotional ‘valence’ of another stimuli
• Watson’s Pebeco toothpaste campaign
• celeb advertisements

Question 16

Negative political advertising (2)

Answer 16

• negative political ads use evaluative conditioning to elicit unpleasant emotional responses in the viewers while presenting images of a political opponents
• 3rd person effect

Question 17

High-order classical conditioning

Answer 17

When a CS functions as though it were an UCS