Ch. 4.1 - The Structure of the Eye Flashcards

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1
Q

sclera

A

white outer layer of eye

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2
Q

cornea

A

clear layer that covers the front of the eye

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3
Q

pupil

A

regulates amount of light let into eye

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4
Q

iris

A

round muscle that adjusts the size of the pupil

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5
Q

lens

A

clear structure that focuses light onto back of eye

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6
Q

cones (2)

A
  • photoreceptors sensitive to wavelengths of light, we perceive as colour; active in normal lighting conditions
  • fovea: cone rich region in centre of retina on which light is focused
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7
Q

rods

A

photoreceptors on periphery if retina that are highly sensitive to low light levels

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8
Q

dark adaptation

A

process by which rods and cones gain sensitivity to low light levels

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9
Q

bipolar neurons

A

synapse onto photoreceptors

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10
Q

ganglion cells

A

transmits signals from bipolar neurons to brain

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11
Q

optic disc

A

area on retina lacking rods and cones

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12
Q

optic nerve

A

axon tracts from ganglion cells leading to brain

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13
Q

two common vision disorders

A

nearsightedness and farsightedness

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14
Q

trichromatic theory

A

maintains that colour vision is determined by three different cone types that are sensitive to short, medium, and long wavelength light

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15
Q

colour blindness (2)

A
  • dichromatism most common

- dichromatism vs. trichromatism vs. tetrachromatism

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16
Q

opponent-process theory (2)

A
  • states that we perceive colour in terms of opposite ends of the spectrum (red to green, yellow to blue, white to black)
  • ganglion cells provide three colour ‘channels’
17
Q

evidence from negative afterimages

A

after prolonged fixation, residual image seem with opposite colours

18
Q

evidence from colourblindness

A

if only based on trichromatic theory, colour blind individuals should not see yellow

19
Q

retinal neurons

A

interact to organize visual info

20
Q

horizontal cells (2)

A
  • laterally connection inhibitory interneurons (GABA releasing)
  • mach band effect