Ch. 7.1 - Memory At The Neural Level

Question 1

Working memory (WM)

Answer 1

Model of short-term remembering that includes a combo of memory components that can temporarily store small amounts of info for a short period of time

Question 2

The Baddeley Working Memory Model makes 2 predictions

Answer 2

• 2 tasks that make use of same component will interfere with one another if performed simultaneously
• 2 tasks that make use of different components will not affect each other if performed simultaneously

Question 3

Phonological loop (3)

Answer 3

• storage component of WM that relies on rehearsal and stores info as sounds
• phonological store and articulatory control process
• uses speech and hearing specific brain regions

Question 4

Word length effect

Answer 4

People remember more one syllable words than four/five syllable words

Question 5

Visuospatial sketchpad (2)

Answer 5

• storage component of WM that maintains visual images and spatial layouts
• feature binding: combining visual features into a singe unit (visual chunking)

Question 6

Episodic buffer (3)

Answer 6

• storage component of WM that combines that images and sounds from the other two components into coherent episodes
• “newest” working memory system
• proposed to link other systems to LTM

Question 7

Central executive

Answer 7

Control center of WM, it coordinates attention and the exchange of info among the three storage components (frontal lobes)

Question 8

Declarative (explicit) memories

Answer 8

-memories that are conscious and can be verbalized

Question 9

Nondeclarative (implicit) memories

Answer 9

Includes actions/behaviours that you can remember and perform without awareness

Question 10

Declarative (explicit) memories include (2)

Answer 10

• semantic memories: memories that include our general knowledge and facts about the world (provincial capitals)
• episodic memories: memories for personal experiences recalled from a 1st POV (‘mental time travel’)

Question 11

Nondeclarative (implicit) memories include (2)

Answer 11

-classical conditioning
-procedural memories: include pattern of muscle movements (motor memory )
>skill learning
>priming: previous exposure to a stimulus will affect an individuals later responses

Question 12

Long-term potentiation (LTP)

Answer 12

The enduring increase in connectivity and transmission of neural signal between nerve cells that fire together (hippocampus)

Question 13

Consolidation (2)

Answer 13

• process of converting STMs into LTMs in the brain

- without consolidation, memories decay

Question 14

Retrograde amnesia

Answer 14

Inability to remember what was already known at the onset of amnesia

Question 15

Anterograde amnesia

Answer 15

Inability/limited ability to form new memories after the onset of amnesia

Question 16

Henry Molaison

Answer 16

1953-bilateral hippocampal removal to treat seizures