Ch. 8: Pronouns

Question 1

What are the four (4) kinds of Hebrew pronouns?

Answer 1

1. Independent Personal Pronouns (IPP)
2. Demonstrative Pronouns (DP)
3. Relative Pronouns
4. Interrogative Pronouns

Question 2

What are the independent personal pronouns?

Answer 2

First, Second, and Third person personal pronouns that can be inflected for gender and number.

Question 3

What personal pronouns have both masculine and feminine forms?

Answer 3

Second and Third personal pronouns (which makes First person personal pronouns–both singular and plural–common)

Question 4

What is the function of the independent personal pronouns?

Answer 4

They are subjective

Question 5

What is the word order when a personal pronoun is used in a verbless clause?

Answer 5

The pronoun may precede or follow the noun or adjective (as with the predicative use of the adjective [7.5.2])

Question 6

What if a personal pronoun is used with a noun, but there are no verbs?

Answer 6

A form of ‘to be’ must be supplied

Question 7

What are the two uses of the demonstrative pronoun?

Answer 7

1. Pronoun (‘this is the man’)

2. Adjective (‘this man’)

Question 8

What are the three levels of specificity that can refer to a noun?

Answer 8

1. indefinite (‘a man’)
2. definite (‘the man’)
3. Demonstrative (‘this man’)

Question 9

NOTE: The masculine and feminine singular forms אוּה and הִיא are identical to the third person masculine and feminine independent personal pronouns. Notice the ambiguity

Answer 9

הוּא הָאִישׁ
either “He is the man” (personal pronoun) or
“That is the man” (demonstrative pronoun)

Question 10

NOTE: The masculine and feminine singular forms אוּה and הִיא are identical to the third person masculine and feminine independent personal pronouns. Notice the ambiguity

Answer 10

הִיא הָאִשָּׁה
either “She is the woman” (personal pronoun) or
“That is the woman” (demonstrative pronoun)

Question 11

What is the structure of an adjectival demonstrative?

Answer 11

1. It will follow the noun it is modifying
2. It will agree the noun in gender, number, and definiteness
   (similar to the adjectives [7.5.1])

Question 12

If an adjective is used along side an adjectival demonstrative what will be the structure?

Answer 12

noun, adjective, demonstrative (from right to left)

הָאִישׁ הַטּוֹב הַזֶּה (this good man)

Question 13

What is the structure of a pronominal demonstrative?

Answer 13

1. It will precede the noun it is modifying
2. It will agree with the noun in gender and number
3. It will not agree in definiteness (just like the predicative use of the adjective [7.5.2])

Question 14

If an adjective modifies a noun that also has an accompanied pronominal demonstrative, what is the structure?

Answer 14

demonstrative, noun, adjective (from right to left)

זֶה הָאִישׁ הַטּוֹב (This is the good man.)

Question 15

Does the independent relative pronoun inflect according to gender and number?

Answer 15

no

also it may or may not appear with a Maqqef.

Question 16

What are the most common Hebrew interrogatives?

Answer 16

מִי (who? whom?)

מָה (what?).

Question 17

What are the forms that מָה can take and when do they usually appear?

Answer 17

(מָה) when a guttural follows (compensatory lengthening)
(ּ מַה) most consonants (note the Daghesh Forte)
(מֶה) when the following word begins with עָ הָ חָ
[This pattern follows the article; also there are numerous exceptions]

Question 18

What is the interrogative particle?

Answer 18

(הֲ)
The interrogative particle is another way Hebrew asks a questions, by prefixing it to the first word of the interrogative clause (those that ask a question).

Question 19

What are the three forms for the interrogative particle, and in what cases will you see these forms?

Answer 19

1. the usual/most common spelling. (הֲ)
2. before most gutturals and consonants with Shewa. (הַ)
3. before gutturals with Qamets (e.g. אָ) (הֶ)

Question 20

What part of speech does the interrogative particle typically prefix to? And why is this helpful?

Answer 20

1. verbs

2. Since this can look similar to the article.

Question 21

What are the three ways to tell the difference between the interrogative particle (הֲ) and the article?

Answer 21

1. There typically is not a Daghesh Forte
2. Typically prefixed to a verb or another particle
3. The spelling הֲ is not one of the spellings for the article

Question 22

What are the first letters in near demonstrative, singular?

Answer 22

near singulars (m. and f.) start with ז

Question 23

As far as personal pronouns and demonstratives what single letter is more associated with masculine and what with feminine? And is that for singular or plural or both?

Answer 23

1. masculine מ
2. feminine נ
3. plural only

Question 24

What type of personal pronouns and demonstratives have הא as the two main consonants?

Answer 24

1. 3rd person singular pronouns
2. far demonstratives, singular
   (הוּא) he/it (3ms); that (ms)
   (הִיא/הִוא) she/it (3fs); that (fs)

Question 25

What type of personal pronouns have אַתּ as the first syllable?

Answer 25

2nd person singular and plural
(אַתָּה) you (2ms)
(אַתְּ) you (2fs)
(אַתֶּם) you (2mp)
(אַתֶּ֫נָה)you (2fp)

Question 26

What type of personal pronouns and demonstratives begin with הֵ?

Answer 26

1. 3rd person plural
2. far demonstrative, plural
   (הֵן ,הֵ֫נָּה) they (3fp); those (fp)
   ( הֵמָּה ,הֵם) they (3mp); those (mp)

Question 27

What type of personal pronouns have אנ as the first two consonants?

Answer 27

1st person singular and plural
(אֲנִי) I (1cs)
(אֳנַ֫חְנוּ) we (1cp)

Question 28

What are two general guidelines for translating the relative pronoun?

Answer 28

1. Use “that” for essential information and “which” for nonessential information
2. Use “what” and “which” to refer to things and “who” and “whom” and “whose” to refer to people

Question 29

What happens when the proximate demonstrative is repeated?

Answer 29

It acquires a correlative meaning
זֶה .... זֶה
"the one... the other"
אֵ֫לֶּה....אֵ֫לֶּה
some.... others