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BBH (Mike) > Ch. 10; Construct Chain > Flashcards

Ch. 10; Construct Chain Flashcards

1
Q

How does Hebrew express the “of” idea?

A

Construct chain

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2
Q

How is the construct chain constructed?

A

Two nouns side by side

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3
Q

What is the first of the two nouns in the construct chain called? And in what state is it?

A
  1. construct noun

2. construct state

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4
Q

What is the second of the two nouns in the construct chain called? And in what state is it?

A
  1. absolute noun

2. absolute state

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5
Q

What form does the absolute noun take

A

lexical form

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6
Q

How many construct and absolute nouns can there be and what is the order?

A
  1. there can be multiple construct nouns, but only one absolute noun
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7
Q

What is the order of the construct chain and can there be modifiers?

A
  1. the absolute noun must come last

2. No other words or particles may separate them (except the definite article on the absolute noun)

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8
Q

How is definiteness and indefiniteness determined in a construct chain

A
  1. They are either all definite or indefinite
  2. only the absolute noun can take the article
  3. If the absolute noun is definite so are all the constructs nouns; if it is indefinite so are all the construct nouns
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9
Q

Besides the article, what are two other ways that a noun can be definite and how does this effect the construct chain?

A
  1. proper noun and possessive pronoun

2. Even in the absence of the article the above will make the entire chain definite if it is the absolute noun

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10
Q

Besides nouns appearing next to each other, how else can the construct chain be constructed?

A

with the Maqqef
מֶ֫לֶךְ כָּל־הָאָ֫רֶץ
the king /of/ all /of/ the earth

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11
Q

Can construct nouns take a inseparable preposition?

A

yes
בְּבֵית דָּוִד
in the house of david

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12
Q

What happens if a word begins with a Dagesh Lene in a begadkephat and an inseparable preposition is added to it?

A

It loses the Lene, because it is now preceded by a vowel

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13
Q

What are the two translations for the construct chain?

A

of (ex. the son of the king)

‘s (ex. the king’s son)

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14
Q

How are adjectives used in a construct chain? Whether it is modifying the construct or absolute noun?

A
  1. It must follow the entire chain

2. It must agree with the noun it modifies in gender, number, and definiteness

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15
Q

One example of an adjective with a construct chain

A

דְּבַר הַמַּלְכָּה הַטּוֹב

“The good word of the queen” (the adjective is masculine singular, modifying the construct noun)

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16
Q

A second example of an adjective with a construct chain

A

דְּבַר הַמַּלְכָּה הַטּוֹבָה

“The word of the good queen” (The adjective is feminine singular, modifying the absolute noun)

17
Q

What if there is uncertainty whether the adjective is modifying the construct or absolute noun?

A

context

18
Q

How are demonstrative adjectives used in a construct chain? Whether it is modifying the construct or absolute noun?

A
  1. It must follow the entire chain

2. It must agree with the noun it modifies in gender, number, and definiteness

19
Q

What if there is uncertainty whether the demonstrative adjective is modifying the construct or absolute noun?

A

context

20
Q

How can adjectives be used substantivally in a construct state?

A
  1. They just replace a noun
    חֲכַם־לֵב
    Wise of heart
21
Q

What happens to the accent to nouns in the construct state? And how does that affect spelling?

A
  1. They lose their accent to the absolute noun

2. Vowels tend to reduce and changes occur in the ending of a construct noun

22
Q

In the construct state, what happens to changeable long vowels in a final closed syllable?

A

They reduce to a short vowel because the syllable becomes unaccented
בֶּן < בֵּן
מִדְבַּר < מדְבָּר
(with a few words, Tsere reduces to Pathach in a final closed syllable)

23
Q

In the construct state, what happens to changeable long vowels in a open syllable?

A

They reduce to a Vocal Shew or Hateph Pathach with gutturals because the syllable moves into the propretonic position
נְבִיא < נָבִיא
הֲמוֹן < הָמוֹן

24
Q

In the construct state explain why the following vowels are reduced
דְּבַר < דָּבָר

A
  1. The Qamets reduces to a vocal Shewa because it is now in an open propretonic syllable
  2. The Qamets reduces to a Pathach because it is now in a closed unaccented syllable
25
Q

In the construct state explain why the following vowels changes with plural nouns
בִּרְכוֹת < בְּרָכוֹת

A
  1. The Qamets under the Resh reduced to a vocal Shewa

2. The two vocal Shewa contracted to a Hireq - Silent Shewa in accordance with the first rule of Shewa

26
Q

In the construct state, what happens to feminine nouns that end in a Qamets He?

A

They will change to a Pathach Taw

תּוֹרַת < תּוֹרָה

27
Q

In the construct state, what happens to the masculine plural and dual endings (Hireq Yod Mem)?

A

They change to Tsere Yod

בְּנֵי < בָּנִים

28
Q

In the construct state, what happens to feminine plural nouns?

A

They do not change their ending

29
Q

In the construct state, what happens to the masculine nouns ending with Seghol He?

A

They change to a Tsere He

שְׂדֵה < שָׂדֶה

30
Q

In the construct state, what happens when certain (not all!) singular monosyllabic nouns?

A

They add a Hireq Yod to their stem (this also occurs when these same nouns take pronominal suffices [9.9]; be careful not to confuse this Hireq Yod with the 1cs pronominal suffix

31
Q

אֲבִי

A

father of

32
Q

אָבִי

A

my father

33
Q

In the construct state, what happens to plural Segholate nouns (remember that these all take the vowels Vocal/Hateph and Qamets)?

A
  1. The Vocal Shewa/Hateph will change to a short vowel instead
  2. If a Hateph it will take the corresponding short vowel; if a V. Shewa it will take a Hireq
34
Q

In the construct state, what happens to the AY and AW diphthong

A
  1. AY = Tsere Yod
  2. AW = Holem Waw
    בֵּית < בַּ֫יִת
    מוֹת < מָ֫וֶת
35
Q

In the construct state, what happens to monosyllabic nouns with an unchangeable long vowel (Holem Waw, Shureq, Hireq Yod) and singular Segholate nouns?

A

They have no spelling changes (context must determine if they are in the construct state)

36
Q

What is the most common way that Hebrew constructs the a superlative?

A

The use of an adjective that has been made definite by the definite article, a pronominal suffix, or the construct state (context will the determiner)

37
Q

What is another way that Hebrew uses the construct chain to create a superlative idea?

A
  1. two nouns in a construct chain where the construct noun is singular and the absolute noun is plural and definite
  2. The two nouns must be the same
    “The holy of holies” = “the most holy place”

BBH (Mike) (118 decks)

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