Ch. 16: Qal Imperfect Weak Verbs Flashcards
What are type 1 I-guttural Qal Imperfect weak verbs?
Seghol preformatives
What are the changes for Type 1 I-guttural Imperfect Weak verbs?
- ֵGeneral: Seghol preformative, Hateph Seghol, Pathach (יֶחֱזַק)
- Ending Vowel Letter: Seghol preformative vowel followed by Seghol, SS (תֶּחֶזְתִי)
(remember: the 3fp and 2fp still have the Nun, Qamets, Hey with a preceeding SS, and accent over middle consonant of lexical form)
What are type 2 I-guttural Imperfect weak verbs?
Pathach preformative
What are the changes for Type 2 I-guttural Imperfect Weak verbs?
- ֵGeneral: Pathach preformative, Hatehph Pathach, Holem (יַעֲמֹד)
- Ending Vowel Letter: Pathach preformative, Pathach, SS (תַּעַמְדִי)
- 1cs: Seghol preformative, Hateph Seghol, Holem (אֶעֱמֹד)
(remember: the 3fp and 2fp still have the Nun, Qamets, Hey with a preceeding SS, and accent over middle) consonant of lexical form)
What are type 3 I-guttural Imperfect weak verbs? And what type of gutturals do they represent?
- Holem preformative
2. have Aleph for the first root letter
What are the changes for Type 3 I-guttural Imperfect Weak verbs?
Note: the Aleph is quiescent
- General: Holem, silent Aleph, Pathach (יֹאמַר)
- Ending Vowel Letter: Holem, silent Aleph, Shewa (תֹּאמְרִי)
- 1cs: preformative Aleph has combined with stem, Holem, Pathach (אֹמַר)
What are the major changes that occur for II-Guttural, III-ח/ע and III-א?
- Primarily in the stem vowel
- These prefer a-class stem vowel
(יִבְחַר)
(יִמְצָא)
What are the major changes that occur for II-Guttural?
- General: Same as strong, but Pathach for stem vowel (יִבְחַר)
- Ending Vowel Letter: Same as strong, but Hateph Pathach for stem vowel
(remember: the 3fp and 2fp still have the Nun, Qamets, Hey with a preceeding SS, and accent over middle)
What are the major changes that occur for III-ח / ע?
- General: Same as strong, but Pathach for stem vowel (יִשְׁלַח)
- Ending Vowel Letter: Same as strong (תִּשְׁלְחִי)
(remember: the 3fp and 2fp still have the Nun, Qamets, Hey with a preceeding SS, and accent over middle)
What are the major changes that occur for III-א?
- General: Same as strong, but Qamets for stem vowel (יִמְצָא)
- Ending Vowel Letter: Same as strong (תִּמְצְאִי)
- Twin 3fp, 2fp: have Seghol under stem vowel, and no Shewa under Aleph (תִִּמְצֶ֫אנָה)
(remember: the 3fp and 2fp still have the Nun, Qamets, Hey with a preceeding SS, and accent over middle)
What is a type1 I-י weak imperfect?
It is there the Yod has dropped off the first consonant spot of every form (the Yod in the 3ms and 3mp are preformatives)
What is a type 2 I-י weak imperfect?
It is where the Yod has been preserved in the first consonant spot.
What are the changes for Type 1 I-י Imperfect Weak verbs?
- The intitial Yod has dropped out in every form
- takes a Tsere as preformative vowel in every form
- Any form that does not have a sufformative also has a Tsere on the stem vowel (יֵשֵׁב)
- Any form that ends in a Vowel Letter will have a Shewa as the stem vowel (תֵּשְׁבִי)
- 3mp, 2fp have a Pathach as stem vowel (תֵּשַׁ֫בְנָה)
What is a concern for the type 1 I-י Weak Imperfect? And what is a solution?
- The verb’s root may be difficult to identify, because the Yod has dropped off
- The Tsere preformative vowel is diagnostic for this type
What are the changes for Type 2 I-י Imperfect Weak verbs?
- The Yod is preserved in every form as a Hireq Yod (אִירַשׁ)
- Every form that has a vowel letter as a sufformative has a Shewa stem vowel (תִּירְשִׁי)
- Every form that lacks a sufformative vowel letter has a Pathach as the vowel stem
(remember: the 3fp and 2fp still have the Nun, Qamets, Hey with a preceeding SS, and accent over middle)
How does the word הָלַךְ inflect in the Qal Imperfect?
- As a type 1 I-י Weak verb
2. This category drops the initial consonant (יֵלֵךְ)
The Qal Imperfect weak verb III-ח/ע is the same vocalization as what?
The Qal Imperfect Stative (both have a Pathach stem vowel throughout)
How does לָקַח differ from other I-Nun verbs?
- Pathach instead of Holem (יִקַּח)
2. loses the initial Dagesh in every form that takes a vowel letter sufformative due to rule of sqnmlwy (תִּקְחִי)
16.12 What is the general vowel pattern for the Geminate type 2 verb?
- ֹPreformative: 3fp/2fp same as Gem. T1 (תְּסֻבֶּ֫ינָה); Rest same as Strong Imperfect (יִסֹּב)
- Stem Vowel/Accenting: Same as Gem. T1
- Dagesh: Initial Consnant, except for 3fp/2fp
16.12 What is the general vowel pattern for the Geminate type 3 verb?
- Tsere Preformative throughout
- Initial Pathach throughout (יֵתַם)
- Dagesh and accenting follow pattern of T1 Gem. (תֵּתַ֫מִּי)
- 3fp/2fp follows pattern of T1 Gem, other than the Pathach vowel (תְּתַמֶּ֫ינָה)
How are Bicon. Verbs formed in the Imperfect?
- Qamets preformative vowel in all but 3fp/2fp where it is VS
- Medial vowel letter (תָּק֫וּמוּ)
- Accent first Cons. when end in vowel letter ()
- 3fp/2fp take Seghol Hey connecting vowel ()
16.18 What are two an abnormality with the Qal Imperfect Bicon?
- Sometimes there is mixing of medial vowel letters (a Shureq can sometimes show up in a Hireq Yod Bicon)
- Sometimes the stem vowel is written deffectively
