Ch. 16: Qal Imperfect Weak Verbs

Question 1

What are type 1 I-guttural Qal Imperfect weak verbs?

Answer 1

Seghol preformatives

Question 2

What are the changes for Type 1 I-guttural Imperfect Weak verbs?

Answer 2

1. ֵGeneral: Seghol preformative, Hateph Seghol, Pathach (יֶחֱזַק)
2. Ending Vowel Letter: Seghol preformative vowel followed by Seghol, SS (תֶּחֶזְתִי)
   (remember: the 3fp and 2fp still have the Nun, Qamets, Hey with a preceeding SS, and accent over middle consonant of lexical form)

Question 3

What are type 2 I-guttural Imperfect weak verbs?

Answer 3

Pathach preformative

Question 4

What are the changes for Type 2 I-guttural Imperfect Weak verbs?

Answer 4

1. ֵGeneral: Pathach preformative, Hatehph Pathach, Holem (יַעֲמֹד)
2. Ending Vowel Letter: Pathach preformative, Pathach, SS (תַּעַמְדִי)
3. 1cs: Seghol preformative, Hateph Seghol, Holem (אֶעֱמֹד)
   (remember: the 3fp and 2fp still have the Nun, Qamets, Hey with a preceeding SS, and accent over middle) consonant of lexical form)

Question 5

What are type 3 I-guttural Imperfect weak verbs? And what type of gutturals do they represent?

Answer 5

1. Holem preformative

2. have Aleph for the first root letter

Question 6

What are the changes for Type 3 I-guttural Imperfect Weak verbs?

Answer 6

Note: the Aleph is quiescent

1. General: Holem, silent Aleph, Pathach (יֹאמַר)
2. Ending Vowel Letter: Holem, silent Aleph, Shewa (תֹּאמְרִי)
3. 1cs: preformative Aleph has combined with stem, Holem, Pathach (אֹמַר)

Question 7

What are the major changes that occur for II-Guttural, III-ח/ע and III-א?

Answer 7

1. Primarily in the stem vowel
2. These prefer a-class stem vowel
   (יִבְחַר)
   (יִמְצָא)

Question 8

What are the major changes that occur for II-Guttural?

Answer 8

1. General: Same as strong, but Pathach for stem vowel (יִבְחַר)
2. Ending Vowel Letter: Same as strong, but Hateph Pathach for stem vowel
   (remember: the 3fp and 2fp still have the Nun, Qamets, Hey with a preceeding SS, and accent over middle)

Question 9

What are the major changes that occur for III-ח / ע?

Answer 9

1. General: Same as strong, but Pathach for stem vowel (יִשְׁלַח)
2. Ending Vowel Letter: Same as strong (תִּשְׁלְחִי)
   (remember: the 3fp and 2fp still have the Nun, Qamets, Hey with a preceeding SS, and accent over middle)

Question 10

What are the major changes that occur for III-א?

Answer 10

1. General: Same as strong, but Qamets for stem vowel (יִמְצָא)
2. Ending Vowel Letter: Same as strong (תִּמְצְאִי)
3. Twin 3fp, 2fp: have Seghol under stem vowel, and no Shewa under Aleph (תִִּמְצֶ֫אנָה)
   (remember: the 3fp and 2fp still have the Nun, Qamets, Hey with a preceeding SS, and accent over middle)

Question 11

What is a type1 I-י weak imperfect?

Answer 11

It is there the Yod has dropped off the first consonant spot of every form (the Yod in the 3ms and 3mp are preformatives)

Question 12

What is a type 2 I-י weak imperfect?

Answer 12

It is where the Yod has been preserved in the first consonant spot.

Question 13

What are the changes for Type 1 I-י Imperfect Weak verbs?

Answer 13

1. The intitial Yod has dropped out in every form
2. takes a Tsere as preformative vowel in every form
3. Any form that does not have a sufformative also has a Tsere on the stem vowel (יֵשֵׁב)
4. Any form that ends in a Vowel Letter will have a Shewa as the stem vowel (תֵּשְׁבִי)
5. 3mp, 2fp have a Pathach as stem vowel (תֵּשַׁ֫בְנָה)

Question 14

What is a concern for the type 1 I-י Weak Imperfect? And what is a solution?

Answer 14

1. The verb’s root may be difficult to identify, because the Yod has dropped off
2. The Tsere preformative vowel is diagnostic for this type

Question 15

What are the changes for Type 2 I-י Imperfect Weak verbs?

Answer 15

1. The Yod is preserved in every form as a Hireq Yod (אִירַשׁ)
2. Every form that has a vowel letter as a sufformative has a Shewa stem vowel (תִּירְשִׁי)
3. Every form that lacks a sufformative vowel letter has a Pathach as the vowel stem
   (remember: the 3fp and 2fp still have the Nun, Qamets, Hey with a preceeding SS, and accent over middle)

Question 16

How does the word הָלַךְ inflect in the Qal Imperfect?

Answer 16

1. As a type 1 I-י Weak verb

2. This category drops the initial consonant (יֵלֵךְ)

Question 17

The Qal Imperfect weak verb III-ח/ע is the same vocalization as what?

Answer 17

The Qal Imperfect Stative (both have a Pathach stem vowel throughout)

Question 18

How does לָקַח differ from other I-Nun verbs?

Answer 18

1. Pathach instead of Holem (יִקַּח)

2. loses the initial Dagesh in every form that takes a vowel letter sufformative due to rule of sqnmlwy (תִּקְחִי)

Question 19

16.12 What is the general vowel pattern for the Geminate type 2 verb?

Answer 19

1. ֹPreformative: 3fp/2fp same as Gem. T1 (תְּסֻבֶּ֫ינָה); Rest same as Strong Imperfect (יִסֹּב)
2. Stem Vowel/Accenting: Same as Gem. T1
3. Dagesh: Initial Consnant, except for 3fp/2fp

Question 20

16.12 What is the general vowel pattern for the Geminate type 3 verb?

Answer 20

1. Tsere Preformative throughout
2. Initial Pathach throughout (יֵתַם)
3. Dagesh and accenting follow pattern of T1 Gem. (תֵּתַ֫מִּי)
4. 3fp/2fp follows pattern of T1 Gem, other than the Pathach vowel (תְּתַמֶּ֫ינָה)

Question 21

How are Bicon. Verbs formed in the Imperfect?

Answer 21

1. Qamets preformative vowel in all but 3fp/2fp where it is VS
2. Medial vowel letter (תָּק֫וּמוּ)
3. Accent first Cons. when end in vowel letter ()
4. 3fp/2fp take Seghol Hey connecting vowel ()

Question 22

16.18 What are two an abnormality with the Qal Imperfect Bicon?

Answer 22

1. Sometimes there is mixing of medial vowel letters (a Shureq can sometimes show up in a Hireq Yod Bicon)
2. Sometimes the stem vowel is written deffectively