Ch. 8 (Ass. Tech. & Safety) Flashcards
What is classified as concentrated watching?
inspection
Inspection begins when in the health assessment process?
as soon as you meet the person (initial impression)
What are the four skill requisites for physical examination?
- inspection
- palpation
- percussion
- auscultation
Four skills are required for physical examination.
Which one applies your sense of touch to assess the following factors: texture; temperature; moisture; organ location and size; and any swelling, vibration or pulsation, rigidity or spasticity, crepitation, presence of lumps or masses and presence of tenderness or pain
palpation
How should you perform a palpation technique?
slow, systematic, calm and gentle (warm your hands before touching patient)
Pain can either be classified as…?
- acute
- chronic
What kind of pain is short-term and resolves once underlying cause is addressed?
acute pain
What kind of pain lasts for six months or more?
chronic pain
What kind of data is pain mostly based off of?
subjective data
For a more detail description of your patient’s pain, what mnemonic is used?
- Onset
- Provocation/palliation
- Quality of pain
- Region
- Severity
- Treatment & time
We use a mnemonic to help described pain in a patient.
What does the O stand for in OPQRST?
onset
when the pain started
We use a mnemonic to help described pain in a patient.
The Onset of pain described in a patient can fall into three different categories, what are those three categories?
- sudden
- gradual
- progressive
We use a mnemonic to help described pain in a patient.
What does the P stand for in OPQRST?
provocation and palliation
do certain factors make the pain worse or better
(pressure and movement vs ice and medication)
We use a mnemonic to help described pain in a patient.
What does Q stand for in OPQRST?
quality of pain
We use a mnemonic to help described pain in a patient.
The Quality of pain can be described in five different ways, what are those five different ways?
- sharp
- dull
- burning
- achy
- intermittent or constant
We use a mnemonic to help described pain in a patient.
What does R stand for in OPQRST?
region & radiation
area of the body where the pain is felt or where the pain spreads
We use a mnemonic to help described pain in a patient.
What does S stand for in OPQRST?
severity
qualified on a pain scale & impact on ADLs
We use a mnemonic to help described pain in a patient.
What does T stand for in OPQRST?
treatment and timing
what treatment has patient already used and how long has pain been
What type of examination technique requires listening to sounds produced by the body, usually using a stethoscope?
auscultation
What are the most commonly auscultated areas?
- heart
- blood vessels
- lungs
- abdomen
How do you get a more accurate ascultation examination when the patient has body hair?
moisten the body hair
less friction due to moisture = limiting random sharp noises
What type of examination equipment is used to auscultate, or listen to sounds made by your patient’s body, like lung, heart and bowel sounds?
stethoscope
Which side of a stethoscope detects high-frequency sounds and is big in size?
diaphragm
Which side of the stethoscope would be used to detect bowel or lung sounds?
diaphragm
Which side of the stethoscope detects low-frequency sounds and is small in size?
bell
Which side of the stethoscope would be used to detect heart sounds?
bell
How much pressure should you use when applying the diaphragm side of a stethoscope to an area like the lungs or bowels?
firmly on the skin
How much pressure should you use when applying the bell side of a stethoscope to an area like the heart?
lightly on the skin
What type of examination equipment is used to shine light into the ear to visualize the ear canal and eardrum (the tympanic membrane)?
otoscope
What is the purpose of an otoscope?
to shine light into the ear to visualize the ear canal and eardrum (the tympanic membrane)
When checking a patient who is younger than three years old’s ear canal via an otoscope, which way should you pull the ear?
down and back
When checking a patient who is three years and older’s ear canal via an otoscope, which way should you pull the ear?
up and back
What type of examination equipment is used to examine the internal structures of the eyes (specifically the fundus)?
opthalmoscope
What is the purpose of an opthalmoscope?
to examine the internal structures of the eyes (specifically the fundus)
What type of examination equipment is used to enhance inspection through light and famously helps with assessing a patient’s pupils?
penlight
When assessing someone through a palpation technique, what factors are assessed?
- texture
- temperature
- moisture
- pulsations
- organ location and size
- presence of swelling, lumps or pain
When performing a palpation examination, what do you first identify and once you identify it, what do you do next?
- identify the tender areas
- palpate them last
What type of pressure palpation would be used to assess/detect superficial problems?
light palpation
When performing deep palpations, what should you tell the patient to do?
suggest relaxation techniques (such as imagery and deep breathing exercises) to prevent any discomfort and pain
What does light palpation help assess?
superficial problems such as presence of tenderness and changes in skin texture
What type of pressure palpation would be used to help determine characteristics of organs and masses?
deeper palpation
what does deeper palpation help assess?
characteristics of organs and masses
When performing a deeper palpation assessment, what do you do?
apply intermittent pressure
stop if patient experiences pain
During a palpation assessment, what part of your hand would you use to help assess skin texture, swelling, pulsation, and masses?
pads/tips of your fingers
During a palpation assessment, what part of your hand would you use to help assess fine tactile discrimination?
tips of finger
rich in sensory nerve endings
During a palpation assessment, what part of your hand would you use to help assess the position, shape and consistency of organs?
pads of finger
During a palpation assessment, what part of your hand would you use to help assess temperature?
dorsal (back side of hand)
During a palpation assessment, what part of your hand would you use to help assess vibrations?
ulnar surface (side of hand closes to the medial)
rests on the skins surface during percussion
During a palpation assessment, the pads/tips of your fingers would help you assess what in a patient?
- skin texture
- swelling
- pulsation
-masses
During a palpation assessment, the dorsal (back) side of your hand would help you assess what in a patient?
temperature
During a palpation assessment, the ulnar surface of your hand would help you assess what in a patient?
vibrations
What type of palpation examination technique requires the use of both hands to envelop or capture certain body parts or organs?
bimanual palpation
What type of examination technique involves tapping the surface of your patient’s skin with short, sharp strokes, to produce sounds or vibrations to help determine size, shape and density of body tissue or elicit a deep tendon reflex?
percussion
What do you do when performing a percussion examination?
tap the surface of skin with short, sharp strokes to produce sound or vibrations
During a percussion examination…
What are the four components in a percussion sound?
- amplitude
- pitch
- quality (overtones)
- duration
What’s the purpose of performing a percussion examination?
to determine size, shape and density of body tissue
What are the types of percussion examination techniques?
- direct
- indirect
What type of percussion examination technique involves directly placing your hand or fingers on the skin of the patient?
direct percussion
What type of percussion examination technique involves placing the pads of your non-dominant hand’s middle finger directly on the patient?
indirect percussion
What type of percussion examination technique involves using the tip of your dominant hand’s middle finger to strike your non-dominant hand’s middle finger?
indirect percussion
What type of percussion examination sound would air-filled organs like the lungs make?
resonant sounds (low-pitched, clear)
What type of percussion examination sound would air trapping and hyperinflation like in the lungs make?
hyper-resonant sounds (lower in pitch, more booming)
What type of percussion examination sound would air-filled organs like the stomach make?
tympany (high-pitched, drum-like)
What type of percussion examination sound would solid organs like the liver make?
dull sounds (high-pitched thuds)
What type of percussion examination sound would bones, muscles, or tumors make?
flat sounds (high-pitched, shorter duration than dull sounds)
In context to percussion examination techniques… What are the characteristics made from resonant sounds?
- low-pitched
- clear
In context to percussion examination techniques… What are the characteristics made from tympany sounds?
- high-pitched
- drum-like
In context to percussion examination techniques… What are the characteristics made from hyper-resonant sounds?
- lower in pitch
- more booming
In context to percussion examination techniques… What are the characteristics made from dull sounds?
high-pitched thuds
In context to percussion examination techniques… What are the characteristics made from flat sounds?
- high-pitched
- shorter duration (compared to dull sounds)
In context to percussion examination techniques… What kind of organs or internal structures emit resonant sounds?
- air-filled structures (ex: lungs)
In context to percussion examination techniques… What kind of organs or internal structures emit hyper-resonant sounds?
air trapping or hyperinflation structures (ex: emphysema in the lungs)
In context to percussion examination techniques… What kind of organs or internal structures emit tympany sounds?
air-filled organs (ex: stomach)
In context to percussion examination techniques… What kind of organs or internal structures emit dull sounds?
solid organs (ex: liver)
In context to percussion examination techniques… What kind of organs or internal structures emit flat sounds?
bones, muscles, or tumors
In sequential order, what are the examination techniques used for a physical assessment?
- inspection
- palpation
- percussion
- auscultation
What examination instrument is used to examine both the ears and the nose?
otoscope
Why do we use the dorsal side of the hand to assess temperature in a patient?
- thin skin
- sensitive
When performing a bimanual palpation, why do we only apply the stationary middle finger to the patient and not all the fingers?
more than the middle finger on the area will cause the sound to muffle
During a percussion examination, what sound would emit when going over healthy lung tissue?
resonant
During a percussion examination, what sound would emit when going over stomach?
tympany
During a percussion examination, what sound would emit when going over intestines?
tympany
During a percussion examination, what sound would emit when going over the liver?
dull
During a percussion examination, what sound would emit when going over the thigh?
flat
During a percussion examination, what sound would emit when going over a bone?
flat
In between patients, what should you do to your stethoscope?
disinfect
What are sharp object and cotton balls used for during a health assessment?
to test patient’s neuro
Neuropathic is associated with what part of the body? Nociceptive is associated with what part of the body?
- the nerves
- organs, bones, tendons, muscles
