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Health Assessment (NRSE-210) > Ch. 8 (Ass. Tech. & Safety) > Flashcards

Ch. 8 (Ass. Tech. & Safety) Flashcards

1
Q

What is classified as concentrated watching?

A

inspection

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2
Q

Inspection begins when in the health assessment process?

A

as soon as you meet the person (initial impression)

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3
Q

What are the four skill requisites for physical examination?

A
  • inspection
  • palpation
  • percussion
  • auscultation
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4
Q

Four skills are required for physical examination.

Which one applies your sense of touch to assess the following factors: texture; temperature; moisture; organ location and size; and any swelling, vibration or pulsation, rigidity or spasticity, crepitation, presence of lumps or masses and presence of tenderness or pain

A

palpation

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5
Q

How should you perform a palpation technique?

A

slow, systematic, calm and gentle (warm your hands before touching patient)

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6
Q

Pain can either be classified as…?

A
  • acute
  • chronic
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7
Q

What kind of pain is short-term and resolves once underlying cause is addressed?

A

acute pain

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8
Q

What kind of pain lasts for six months or more?

A

chronic pain

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9
Q

What kind of data is pain mostly based off of?

A

subjective data

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10
Q

For a more detail description of your patient’s pain, what mnemonic is used?

A
  • Onset
  • Provocation/palliation
  • Quality of pain
  • Region
  • Severity
  • Treatment & time
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11
Q

We use a mnemonic to help described pain in a patient.

What does the O stand for in OPQRST?

A

onset

when the pain started

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12
Q

We use a mnemonic to help described pain in a patient.

The Onset of pain described in a patient can fall into three different categories, what are those three categories?

A
  • sudden
  • gradual
  • progressive
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13
Q

We use a mnemonic to help described pain in a patient.

What does the P stand for in OPQRST?

A

provocation and palliation

do certain factors make the pain worse or better

(pressure and movement vs ice and medication)

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14
Q

We use a mnemonic to help described pain in a patient.

What does Q stand for in OPQRST?

A

quality of pain

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15
Q

We use a mnemonic to help described pain in a patient.

The Quality of pain can be described in five different ways, what are those five different ways?

A
  • sharp
  • dull
  • burning
  • achy
  • intermittent or constant
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16
Q

We use a mnemonic to help described pain in a patient.

What does R stand for in OPQRST?

A

region & radiation

area of the body where the pain is felt or where the pain spreads

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17
Q

We use a mnemonic to help described pain in a patient.

What does S stand for in OPQRST?

A

severity

qualified on a pain scale & impact on ADLs

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18
Q

We use a mnemonic to help described pain in a patient.

What does T stand for in OPQRST?

A

treatment and timing

what treatment has patient already used and how long has pain been

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19
Q

What type of examination technique requires listening to sounds produced by the body, usually using a stethoscope?

A

auscultation

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20
Q

What are the most commonly auscultated areas?

A
  • heart
  • blood vessels
  • lungs
  • abdomen
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21
Q

How do you get a more accurate ascultation examination when the patient has body hair?

A

moisten the body hair

less friction due to moisture = limiting random sharp noises

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22
Q

What type of examination equipment is used to auscultate, or listen to sounds made by your patient’s body, like lung, heart and bowel sounds?

A

stethoscope

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23
Q

Which side of a stethoscope detects high-frequency sounds and is big in size?

A

diaphragm

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24
Q

Which side of the stethoscope would be used to detect bowel or lung sounds?

A

diaphragm

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25
Q

Which side of the stethoscope detects low-frequency sounds and is small in size?

A

bell

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26
Q

Which side of the stethoscope would be used to detect heart sounds?

A

bell

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27
Q

How much pressure should you use when applying the diaphragm side of a stethoscope to an area like the lungs or bowels?

A

firmly on the skin

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28
Q

How much pressure should you use when applying the bell side of a stethoscope to an area like the heart?

A

lightly on the skin

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29
Q

What type of examination equipment is used to shine light into the ear to visualize the ear canal and eardrum (the tympanic membrane)?

A

otoscope

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30
Q

What is the purpose of an otoscope?

A

to shine light into the ear to visualize the ear canal and eardrum (the tympanic membrane)

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31
Q

When checking a patient who is younger than three years old’s ear canal via an otoscope, which way should you pull the ear?

A

down and back

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32
Q

When checking a patient who is three years and older’s ear canal via an otoscope, which way should you pull the ear?

A

up and back

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33
Q

What type of examination equipment is used to examine the internal structures of the eyes (specifically the fundus)?

A

opthalmoscope

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34
Q

What is the purpose of an opthalmoscope?

A

to examine the internal structures of the eyes (specifically the fundus)

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35
Q

What type of examination equipment is used to enhance inspection through light and famously helps with assessing a patient’s pupils?

A

penlight

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36
Q

When assessing someone through a palpation technique, what factors are assessed?

A
  • texture
  • temperature
  • moisture
  • pulsations
  • organ location and size
  • presence of swelling, lumps or pain
37
Q

When performing a palpation examination, what do you first identify and once you identify it, what do you do next?

A
  • identify the tender areas
  • palpate them last
38
Q

What type of pressure palpation would be used to assess/detect superficial problems?

A

light palpation

39
Q

When performing deep palpations, what should you tell the patient to do?

A

suggest relaxation techniques (such as imagery and deep breathing exercises) to prevent any discomfort and pain

40
Q

What does light palpation help assess?

A

superficial problems such as presence of tenderness and changes in skin texture

41
Q

What type of pressure palpation would be used to help determine characteristics of organs and masses?

A

deeper palpation

42
Q

what does deeper palpation help assess?

A

characteristics of organs and masses

43
Q

When performing a deeper palpation assessment, what do you do?

A

apply intermittent pressure
stop if patient experiences pain

44
Q

During a palpation assessment, what part of your hand would you use to help assess skin texture, swelling, pulsation, and masses?

A

pads/tips of your fingers

45
Q

During a palpation assessment, what part of your hand would you use to help assess fine tactile discrimination?

A

tips of finger

rich in sensory nerve endings

46
Q

During a palpation assessment, what part of your hand would you use to help assess the position, shape and consistency of organs?

A

pads of finger

47
Q

During a palpation assessment, what part of your hand would you use to help assess temperature?

A

dorsal (back side of hand)

48
Q

During a palpation assessment, what part of your hand would you use to help assess vibrations?

A

ulnar surface (side of hand closes to the medial)

rests on the skins surface during percussion

49
Q

During a palpation assessment, the pads/tips of your fingers would help you assess what in a patient?

A
  • skin texture
  • swelling
  • pulsation
    -masses
50
Q

During a palpation assessment, the dorsal (back) side of your hand would help you assess what in a patient?

A

temperature

51
Q

During a palpation assessment, the ulnar surface of your hand would help you assess what in a patient?

A

vibrations

52
Q

What type of palpation examination technique requires the use of both hands to envelop or capture certain body parts or organs?

A

bimanual palpation

53
Q

What type of examination technique involves tapping the surface of your patient’s skin with short, sharp strokes, to produce sounds or vibrations to help determine size, shape and density of body tissue or elicit a deep tendon reflex?

A

percussion

54
Q

What do you do when performing a percussion examination?

A

tap the surface of skin with short, sharp strokes to produce sound or vibrations

55
Q

During a percussion examination…

What are the four components in a percussion sound?

A
  • amplitude
  • pitch
  • quality (overtones)
  • duration
56
Q

What’s the purpose of performing a percussion examination?

A

to determine size, shape and density of body tissue

57
Q

What are the types of percussion examination techniques?

A
  • direct
  • indirect
58
Q

What type of percussion examination technique involves directly placing your hand or fingers on the skin of the patient?

A

direct percussion

59
Q

What type of percussion examination technique involves placing the pads of your non-dominant hand’s middle finger directly on the patient?

A

indirect percussion

60
Q

What type of percussion examination technique involves using the tip of your dominant hand’s middle finger to strike your non-dominant hand’s middle finger?

A

indirect percussion

61
Q

What type of percussion examination sound would air-filled organs like the lungs make?

A

resonant sounds (low-pitched, clear)

62
Q

What type of percussion examination sound would air trapping and hyperinflation like in the lungs make?

A

hyper-resonant sounds (lower in pitch, more booming)

63
Q

What type of percussion examination sound would air-filled organs like the stomach make?

A

tympany (high-pitched, drum-like)

64
Q

What type of percussion examination sound would solid organs like the liver make?

A

dull sounds (high-pitched thuds)

65
Q

What type of percussion examination sound would bones, muscles, or tumors make?

A

flat sounds (high-pitched, shorter duration than dull sounds)

66
Q

In context to percussion examination techniques… What are the characteristics made from resonant sounds?

A
  • low-pitched
  • clear
67
Q

In context to percussion examination techniques… What are the characteristics made from tympany sounds?

A
  • high-pitched
  • drum-like
68
Q

In context to percussion examination techniques… What are the characteristics made from hyper-resonant sounds?

A
  • lower in pitch
  • more booming
69
Q

In context to percussion examination techniques… What are the characteristics made from dull sounds?

A

high-pitched thuds

70
Q

In context to percussion examination techniques… What are the characteristics made from flat sounds?

A
  • high-pitched
  • shorter duration (compared to dull sounds)
71
Q

In context to percussion examination techniques… What kind of organs or internal structures emit resonant sounds?

A
  • air-filled structures (ex: lungs)
72
Q

In context to percussion examination techniques… What kind of organs or internal structures emit hyper-resonant sounds?

A

air trapping or hyperinflation structures (ex: emphysema in the lungs)

73
Q

In context to percussion examination techniques… What kind of organs or internal structures emit tympany sounds?

A

air-filled organs (ex: stomach)

74
Q

In context to percussion examination techniques… What kind of organs or internal structures emit dull sounds?

A

solid organs (ex: liver)

75
Q

In context to percussion examination techniques… What kind of organs or internal structures emit flat sounds?

A

bones, muscles, or tumors

76
Q

In sequential order, what are the examination techniques used for a physical assessment?

A
  1. inspection
  2. palpation
  3. percussion
  4. auscultation
77
Q

What examination instrument is used to examine both the ears and the nose?

A

otoscope

78
Q

Why do we use the dorsal side of the hand to assess temperature in a patient?

A
  • thin skin
  • sensitive
79
Q

When performing a bimanual palpation, why do we only apply the stationary middle finger to the patient and not all the fingers?

A

more than the middle finger on the area will cause the sound to muffle

80
Q

During a percussion examination, what sound would emit when going over healthy lung tissue?

A

resonant

81
Q

During a percussion examination, what sound would emit when going over stomach?

A

tympany

82
Q

During a percussion examination, what sound would emit when going over intestines?

A

tympany

83
Q

During a percussion examination, what sound would emit when going over the liver?

A

dull

84
Q

During a percussion examination, what sound would emit when going over the thigh?

A

flat

85
Q

During a percussion examination, what sound would emit when going over a bone?

A

flat

86
Q

In between patients, what should you do to your stethoscope?

A

disinfect

87
Q

What are sharp object and cotton balls used for during a health assessment?

A

to test patient’s neuro

88
Q

Neuropathic is associated with what part of the body? Nociceptive is associated with what part of the body?

A
  • the nerves
  • organs, bones, tendons, muscles

Health Assessment (NRSE-210) (10 decks)

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