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Health Assessment (NRSE-210) > Ch. 22 (Abdomen) > Flashcards

Ch. 22 (Abdomen) Flashcards

1
Q

What region classifies all the internal organs?

A

viscera

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2
Q

What kind of organs change shape depending on whatever is in it?

A

hollow organs

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3
Q

What organ is located behind the stomach?

A

pancreas

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4
Q

what organ is located in the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity underneath the stomach?

A

spleen

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5
Q

What is known as the angle between the spine and ribs, where the kidneys are?

A

costovertebral angle

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6
Q

What are the famous hollow organs?

A
  • stomach
  • gallbladder
  • small intestine
  • bladder
  • colon
  • aorta
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7
Q

What happens to the abdomenal organs with aging?

A
  • increased fat disposits
  • galbladder: sluggish, drainage slows down
  • liver: shrinks
  • bowels: constipation - movements slow down
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8
Q

What is located in the right upper quadrant?

A
  • liver
  • gallbladder
  • head of pancreas
  • stomach
  • right kidney/adrenal
  • colon (hepatic flexure)
  • duodenum
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9
Q

What is located in the right lower quadrant?

A
  • colon (ascending)
  • cecum
  • appendix
  • right ovary/tube OR right spermatic cord
  • right ureter
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10
Q

What is located in the left upper quadrant?

A
  • stomach
  • spleen
  • left lobe liver
  • body of pancreas
  • left kidney/adrenal
  • colon (splenic flexure, parts of transverse, descending)
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11
Q

What is located in the left lower quadrant?

A
  • colon (descending, sigmoid)
  • rectum
  • left ovary/tube OR left spermatic cord
  • left ureter
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12
Q

When performing an abdomen exam, how should the pt be positioned?

A
  • on their back
  • hands at side
  • head on pillow
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13
Q

Where should you be positioned during an abdomen exam?

A

pts right side

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14
Q

When looking at the side profile of the abdomen, what different kinds of profiles could they have?

A
  • flat (flat)
  • scaphoid (deep depression)
  • rounded (round)
  • protuberant (pregnant, bulging)
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15
Q

What are the seven f’s that cause protuberance in the abdomen?

A
  1. fat
  2. fetus
  3. flatuence
  4. fluid
  5. fibroid tumor
  6. feces
  7. fatal growth
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16
Q

Abdomen breaks the order of what you should be performing second during the physical exam. What do you do first in the physical exam for the abdomen?

A

auscultation

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17
Q

Abdomen breaks the order of what you should be performing second during the physical exam. Why do we auscultate before palpating and percussing?

A

alters baseline sounds

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18
Q

Where do we start during auscultation of the abdomen?

A
  • right lower quadrant
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19
Q

What do bowel sounds like?

A
  • bubbling
  • gurgling
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20
Q

What do hyperactive bowel sound like?

A
  • loud
  • gurgling
  • going crazy
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21
Q

What usually causes hyperactive bowel sounds?

A
  1. diarrhea
  2. stomach bug
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22
Q

What do hypoactive bowel sound like?

A
  • diminished
  • related to decreased mobility
  • small
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23
Q

What usually causes hypoactive bowel sounds?

A
  • after surgery
  • bowel obstruction
  • inflammation in the perioteal cavity
  • constipation
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24
Q

If bowel sounds are absent, then how long can you clarify that they are absent when auscultating?

A

5 minutes

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25
Q

What vascular locations do you listen to during the abdomen physical auscultation exam?

A
  • aorta
  • left renal artery
  • iliac artery
  • femoral artery
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26
Q

What are we listening for in the abdomen arteries during the physical auscultation exam?

A
  • bruit - opening is blocked
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27
Q

During the abdomen physical exam, what is percussion used for?

A
  • done to locate organs
  • screen for abnormal fluids and masses
28
Q

During the abdomen physical exam, what is the normal percussion sound heard?

A

tympany

29
Q

How hard do we percuss during an abdomen physical exam?

A

light percussion - percuss lightly in all four quadrants

30
Q

Why do we perform costoverbral angle tenderness (CVAT)?

A
  • check for kidney infection
31
Q

How do you perform a costoverbral angle tenderness (CVAT) test?

A
  • left hand on the posterior abdomen cavity where kidneys would be
  • banging right hand on back of left hand over kidneys
32
Q

Why do we palpate the abdomen?

A
  • judges size, location and consistency of certain organs
  • screen for abdominal masses and/or tenderness
33
Q

How do you palpate the abdomen during light palpation?

A
  • four fingers together, in gentle circular motion
  • 1cm deep
34
Q

What kind of palpation do we perform first during the abdomen physical exam?

A

light before deep

35
Q

How do you palpate the abdomen during deep palpation?

A
  • 5cm
  • same technique just deeper
36
Q

What should you note when feeling a mass in the abdomen?

A
  • location
  • size
  • hard or soft
  • tenderness
37
Q

How do you palpate the liver in a physical exam when assessing the abdomen?

A
  • left hand under back
  • right hand on RUQ, fingers parallel to midline
  • push down deeply upon inhalation

nml to feel edge of liver bump your fingers during inhalation

38
Q

Is the spleen normally palpable? Should you palpate it repeatedly if it is palpable?

A
  1. no - palpable = enlarged
  2. no - risk for rupture
39
Q

How do you palpate the spleen in a physical exam when assessing the abdomen?

A
  • reaches left hand over abdomen, behind left side
  • right hand obliquely on LUQ w/fingers pointing toward left axilla & inferior to rib margin
  • push down and ask pt to take deep breath
40
Q

What do you do when performing rebound?

A

press down firmly and quickly let go

typically for appendicitis, inflammation in belly

41
Q

What are you looking for when performing rebound on the abdomen?

A

rebound tenderness - pain upon immediate letting go (not when you press down)

testing appendix

42
Q

What do you do when performing the iliopsoas test on the abdomen?

A
  • pt lies on back, lifts right leg straight up
  • put pressure on thigh and ask pt to keep leg up

if pain occurs - likely from inflammation

testing appendix

43
Q

What do you do when performing the obturator test on the abdomen?

A
  • pt lies on back
  • rotate left hip with leg

record for pain

testing appendix

44
Q

What describes the Murphy sign or inspiratory arrest?

A

pt cannot take a full deep breath when palpating RUQ

test for inflamed galbladder or liver

45
Q

What abdomen abnormality causes the digestive enzymes are attacking the pancreas causing inflammation?

A

pancreatitis

46
Q

What abdomen abnormality causes pain in the abdomen that spreads to the back, severe nausea, vomiting, and the pain worsens when eating, drinking or laying flat?

A

pancreatitis

47
Q

How do we treatment pancreatitis?

A
  • rest
  • IV fluids
  • pain medication
  • encourage cessation of alcohol

not much we can do

48
Q

What abdomen abnormality causes heartburn, dysphagia, nausea and burning and can be aggrevated by pregnancy?

A

GERD

49
Q

What abdomen abnormality causes stomach acid to backflow into the esophagus?

A

GERD

50
Q

How do we treat GERD?

A
  • elevate your head in bed
  • stop smoking
  • don’t lie down after a meal
  • avoid alcohol, choocoalte, caffeine, fatty foods and peppermint
51
Q

What abdomen abnormality causes inflammation of the galbladder from a blocked duct?

A

Cholecystitis

52
Q

What abdomen abnormality causes abdomen pain that spreads into the shoulder or upper right abdomen, bloating, nausea and vomiting?

A

Cholecystitis

53
Q

How do we treat cholecystitis?

A
  • positive murphy sign
  • avoid fatty foods & alcohol

usually galbladder is removed

54
Q

What abdomen abnormality causes a bacterial infection with inflammation in the kidneys?

A

Pyelonephritis

55
Q

What abdomen abnormality causes aching back or suprapubic pain, dysuria and a fever?

A

pyelonephritis

56
Q

What do we treat pyelonephritis?

A
  • assess for CVAT
  • increase fluids
  • antibotics
  • rest
57
Q

What abdomen abnormality is caused by a virus obtained by fecal contamination in foods?

A

Hepatitis A

58
Q

What abdomen abnormality causes jaundice, RUQ pain, lose of appetitie, vomiting, fever and diarrhea?

A

hepatitis A

59
Q

How do we treat hepatitis A?

A
  • blood test - enzyme, bilirubin, antibodies check
  • rest
  • perform hand hygiene

goes away on its own

60
Q

What abdomen abnormality causes a gap in the muscular wall that allows contents in the abdomen to protrude outwards?

A

Hernia

61
Q

What abdomen abnormality causes bulging in either side of the pubic bone that is more noticeable when sitting upright or coughing, burning or aching sensation at bulge and discomfort?

A

hernia

usually overweight males that lift heavy objects

62
Q

How do we treat a hernia?

A
  • cold compress
  • medication
  • light stretch & movement

usually resolved with surgery

63
Q

What abdomen abnormality causes the appendix to become swollen and inflamed from a build up of bacteria?

A

Appendicitis

64
Q

What abdomen abnormality causes diarrhea or constipation which can decrease the pain, RLQ pain, nausea, and an internal pressure such as a cough that can make the pain worse?

A

appendicitis

65
Q

What tests will prompt pain in someone with appendicitis?

A
  • rebound
  • obturator
  • iliopsoas
66
Q

How do we treat appendicitis?

A
  • blood test for WBC count
  • pain relievers
  • surgery

Health Assessment (NRSE-210) (22 decks)

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