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Health Assessment (NRSE-210) > Ch. 11 (Pain Assessment) > Flashcards

Ch. 11 (Pain Assessment) Flashcards

1
Q

What is a highly complex and subjective experience that originates from the central or peripheral nervous system or both and is developed by nociceptive and neuropathic processing?

A

pain

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2
Q

What specialized nerve ending are designed to detect painful sensations from the periphery and transmit them to the central nervous system (CNS) via A and C fibers?

A

nociceptors

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3
Q

How can nociceptors be stimulated?

A
  • directly by mechanical trauma
  • directly by thermal trauma
  • secondarily by chemical mediators (released from the site of tissue damage)
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4
Q

What are two ways pain can develop?

A
  • nociceptive processing
  • neuropathic processing
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5
Q

What type of pain develops when functioning and intact nerve fibers in the peripheral and central nervous systems are stimulated?

A

nociceptive pain

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6
Q

Where does nociceptive pain start?

A

outside the nervous system from actual or potential tissue damage

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7
Q

What are the four phases of nociception (nociceptive pain process)?

A
  • transduction
  • transmission (spinal cord -> brain)
  • perception
  • modulation
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8
Q

What type of pain is typically predictable and time limited based on the extent of the injury?

A

nociceptive pain

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9
Q

What type of pain does not adhere to typical and predictable phases and is due to a lesion or disease in the somatosensory system?

A

neuropathic pain

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10
Q

Neuropathic pain implies what?

A

abnormal processing of the pain message (an injury of the nerve fiber)

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11
Q

Fill in the blank:

Neuropathic pain is sustained on a ____ level.

A

neurochemical

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12
Q

What type of pain is very difficult to assess and treat because it is perceived long after the site of injury heals and thus turns into a chronic condition?

A

neuropathic pain

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13
Q

What kind of pain can change into another type of pain over time when pain has been poorly controlled?

A
  1. nociceptive pain
  2. neuropathic pain
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14
Q

Why does nociceptive pain become neuropathic pain when left untreated?

A

constant irritation and inflammation caused by a pain stimulus, which alters nerve cells, making them more sensitive to any future stimulus

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15
Q

What are different types of nociceptive pain?

A
  • visceral pain
  • somatic (deep & superficial) pain
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16
Q

What type of pain originates from larger internal organs?

A

visceral pain

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17
Q

Physical pain sources are based on their origin?

If a patient is experiencing pain in their stomach, what would their pain be classified as?

A

visceral pain

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18
Q

Physical pain sources are based on their origin?

If a patient is experiencing acute appendicitis, what would their pain be classified as?

A

visceral pain

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19
Q

Physical pain sources are based on their origin?

If a patient is experiencing ulcer pain, what would their pain be classified as?

A

visceral pain

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20
Q

Physical pain sources are based on their origin?

If a patient is experiencing pain in their intestines, what would their pain be classified as?

A

visceral pain

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21
Q

Physical pain sources are based on their origin?

If a patient is experiencing pain in their gallbladder, what would their pain be classified as?

A

visceral pain

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22
Q

Physical pain sources are based on their origin?

If patient is experiencing pain in their pancreas, what would their pain be classified as?

A

visceral pain

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23
Q

What type of pain originates from musculoskeletal tissues or the body surface?

A

somatic pain

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24
Q

What are two ways somatic pain can be described as?

A
  • superficial
  • deep
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25
Q

Physical pain sources are based on their origin?

If a patient is experiencing pain on their musculoskeleton, what would their pain be classified as?

A

somatic pain

26
Q

What type of pain originates from sources such as blood vessels, joints, tendons, muscles, and bone?

A

deep somatic pain

27
Q

Physical pain sources are based on their origin?

If a patient is experiencing pain in their blood vessels, what would their pain be classified as?

A

deep somatic pain

28
Q

Physical pain sources are based on their origin?

If a patient is experiencing pain in their joints, what would their pain be classified as?

A

deep somatic pain

29
Q

Physical pain sources are based on their origin?

If a patient is experiencing pain in their tendons, what would their pain be classified as?

A

deep somatic pain

30
Q

Physical pain sources are based on their origin?

If a patient is experiencing pain in their muscles, what would their pain be classified as?

A

deep somatic pain

31
Q

Physical pain sources are based on their origin?

If a patient is experiencing pain in their bones, what would their pain be classified as?

A

deep somatic pain

32
Q

Physical pain sources are based on their origin?

If a patient is experiencing arthritis pain, what would their pain be classified as?

A

deep somatic pain

33
Q

Physical pain sources are based on their origin?

If a patient is experiencing radiating pain from a bone fracture, what would their pain be classified as?

A

deep somatic pain

34
Q

Physical pain sources are based on their origin?

If a patient is experiencing radiating pain from a tendon tear, what would their pain be classified as?

A

deep somatic pain

35
Q

What type of pain occurs from the skin and subcutaneous tissues?

A

cutaneous/superficial somatic pain

36
Q

Physical pain sources are based on their origin?

If a patient is experiencing pain on their skin, what would their pain be classified as?

A

cutaneous/superifical somatic pain

37
Q

Physical pain sources are based on their origin?

If a patient is experiencing pain in their subcutaneous tissues, what would their pain be classified as?

A

cutaneous/superficial somatic pain

38
Q

Physical pain sources are based on their origin?

If a patient is experiencing pain on their skin from a sunburn, what would their pain be classified as?

A

cutaneous/superficial somatic pain

39
Q

Physical pain sources are based on their origin?

If a patient is experiencing pain on their skin from a paper cut, what would their pain be classified as?

A

cutaneous/superficial somatic pain

40
Q

What type of pain occurs when pain you feel in one part of your body is actually caused by pain or injury in another part of your body?

A

referred pain

41
Q

Physical pain sources are based on their origin?

If a patient is experiencing pain in their lower back but originates from their injured pancreas, what would their pain be classified as?

A

referred pain

42
Q

Physical pain sources are based on their origin?

If a patient is experiencing pain in their jaw but just had a heart attack, what would their pain be classified as?

A

referred pain

43
Q

Physical pain sources are based on their origin?

If a patient is experiencing pain in their upper thigh from a foot that has been amputated, what would their pain be classified as?

A

referred pain

44
Q

Physical pain sources are based on their origin?

If a patient is experiencing pain in their head after eating ice cream, what would their pain be classified as?

A

referred pain

the pain stimulus is happening in the patient’s mouth/throat

vagus nerve is stimulated and pain is felt in brain/head

45
Q

Pain can also be classified by its duration.

What type of pain is short-term and self-limiting, often following a predictable track and dissipating after the injury heals?

A

acute pain

46
Q

Pain can also be classified by its duration.

What type of pain continues for six months or longer and results from abnormal processing by pain fibers from peripheral or central sites and does not stop when the injury heals?

A

chronic (persistent) pain

47
Q

Pain can also be classified by its duration.

What type of pain is described as a transient spike in pain level in an otherwise controlled pain syndrome or as the result of incident or episodic pain?

A

breakthrough pain

48
Q

True or false?:

Preterm infants lack inhibitory neurotransmitters and are more sensitive to painful stimuli.

A

true

49
Q

Pain is common in older adults.

But, is pain normal during the process of aging?

A

no

50
Q

What are the two main symptoms of opioids?

A
  • pain relief
  • euphoria
51
Q

What are the two most common side effects of opioids?

A
  • respiratory depression
  • constipation
52
Q

What is the most reliable indicator of pain?

A

subjective report

53
Q

What may a patient do if they are experiencing chronic pain?

A
  • subconsciously rub the affected area (as a means of achieving pain relief)
  • cranky/depression
54
Q

What may a patient do if they are experiencing acute pain?

A
  • diaphoresis (excessive sweating due to sec. condition)
  • facial grimacing
  • tenseness/guarded
  • rigidity (resistance in range of motion)
55
Q

What position do patients with chronic pulmonary conditions tend to lean into to help aid in exhalation?

A

the tripod position

leans forward with arms braced on the arms of the chair

56
Q

What position do patients with congestive heart failure tend to lean into to help aid in respiration?

A

sits upright in a chair and will resist lying down

lying down may worsen the shortness of breath

57
Q

What type of fibers transmit rapidly to the CNS; localized, short term, sharp pain?

A

A fibers

58
Q

What type of fibers transmit pain more slowly to CNS; diffuse, aching, persistent?

A

C fibers

59
Q

Does neuropathic pain go through the same four phases nociceptive pain goes through?

A

no, does not even have four phases

60
Q

What type of pain describes a patient who has been on pain medicine but suddenly experiences pain again?

A

breakthrough pain

61
Q
A

Health Assessment (NRSE-210) (22 decks)

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