Ch. 11 (Pain Assessment) Flashcards
What is a highly complex and subjective experience that originates from the central or peripheral nervous system or both and is developed by nociceptive and neuropathic processing?
pain
What specialized nerve ending are designed to detect painful sensations from the periphery and transmit them to the central nervous system (CNS) via A and C fibers?
nociceptors
How can nociceptors be stimulated?
- directly by mechanical trauma
- directly by thermal trauma
- secondarily by chemical mediators (released from the site of tissue damage)
What are two ways pain can develop?
- nociceptive processing
- neuropathic processing
What type of pain develops when functioning and intact nerve fibers in the peripheral and central nervous systems are stimulated?
nociceptive pain
Where does nociceptive pain start?
outside the nervous system from actual or potential tissue damage
What are the four phases of nociception (nociceptive pain process)?
- transduction
- transmission (spinal cord -> brain)
- perception
- modulation
What type of pain is typically predictable and time limited based on the extent of the injury?
nociceptive pain
What type of pain does not adhere to typical and predictable phases and is due to a lesion or disease in the somatosensory system?
neuropathic pain
Neuropathic pain implies what?
abnormal processing of the pain message (an injury of the nerve fiber)
Fill in the blank:
Neuropathic pain is sustained on a ____ level.
neurochemical
What type of pain is very difficult to assess and treat because it is perceived long after the site of injury heals and thus turns into a chronic condition?
neuropathic pain
What kind of pain can change into another type of pain over time when pain has been poorly controlled?
- nociceptive pain
- neuropathic pain
Why does nociceptive pain become neuropathic pain when left untreated?
constant irritation and inflammation caused by a pain stimulus, which alters nerve cells, making them more sensitive to any future stimulus
What are different types of nociceptive pain?
- visceral pain
- somatic (deep & superficial) pain
What type of pain originates from larger internal organs?
visceral pain
Physical pain sources are based on their origin?
If a patient is experiencing pain in their stomach, what would their pain be classified as?
visceral pain
Physical pain sources are based on their origin?
If a patient is experiencing acute appendicitis, what would their pain be classified as?
visceral pain
Physical pain sources are based on their origin?
If a patient is experiencing ulcer pain, what would their pain be classified as?
visceral pain
Physical pain sources are based on their origin?
If a patient is experiencing pain in their intestines, what would their pain be classified as?
visceral pain
Physical pain sources are based on their origin?
If a patient is experiencing pain in their gallbladder, what would their pain be classified as?
visceral pain
Physical pain sources are based on their origin?
If patient is experiencing pain in their pancreas, what would their pain be classified as?
visceral pain
What type of pain originates from musculoskeletal tissues or the body surface?
somatic pain
What are two ways somatic pain can be described as?
- superficial
- deep