Ch. 24 (Neurological System) Flashcards
What concept describes the idea that the left brain gets info from the right side of the body and the right brain gets info form the left side of the body?
crossed representation
Sensory receptors help perceive what from the external environment?
- temperature
- position
- pressure
- pain
- vibration
- touch
What lobe contains brocas area?
frontal lobe
What area helps in the production of speech?
brocas area
What lobe contains wernicke’s area?
temporal lobe
What area helps in the comphrension/understanding of speech?
wernickes area
What control autonomic association of the body (as we walk our arms naturally swings)?
basal ganglia
What is the relay center in our brain
thalamus
What is the purpose of reflex arcs?
- involuntary
- permit quick reaction to a potential dangerous situation
- help body maintain mucle tone
What are the different types of reflex arcs?
- deep tendon
- superficial [cornea reflex]
- visceral (organic) [PERRLA]
What type of neurological test tests your balance through your walking?
balance test
What type of neurological test makes you watch your pt and see if they fall with their eyes close?
romberg
What type of neurological test makes the pt bend their knee?
shallow knee bends
What type of neurological test makes the pt move their finger from their nose to your finger repeatedly?
finger-to-nose test
What type of neurological test makes the pt alternate patting their thighs?
rapid alternating movements test
What type of neurological test makes the pt use their heel to trace their shin from superior to inferior?
heel-to-shin test
When assessing the sensory system, how do you asses pain?
- sharp versus dull test (sometimes done with broken tongue depressor)
When assessing the sensory system, how do you asses light touch?
- cotton ball and wisp random sites - pt reports when it is felt
When assessing the sensory system, how do you asses vibration?
- use tuning fork, apply on distal joint (pt should feel it)
When assessing the sensory system, how do you asses position?
- hold sides of pt’s straight finger and adjust angle of finger - pt should be able to tell whether you adjusted the finger to be pointing down or up
When assessing the sensory system, how do you asses stereognosis?
giving the pt a random object and having them feel it with their eyes close and then guessing what object you gave them
When assessing the sensory system, how do you asses graphesthesia?
take pt palm and draw a number with your finger on their palm and they should be able to say what number it is
When testing deep tendon reflex, when the knee does not move at all in response, where would it be graded on the grading scale?
0
a healthy person can have a 0 reflex
If someone score a 0 on their deep tendon reflex test, does that automatically mean there is something neurologically wrong?
no
has to be compared with all the other tests
How do you perform a deep tendon reflex exam on the biceps?
support pt arm, thumb on bicep tendon, strike thumb with reflex hammer - cause flexion of elbow
How do you perform a deep tendon reflex exam on the triceps?
support pt arm 100% at 90 degree angle - extension upon hit of tendon above olecranon process of elbow
How do you perform a deep tendon reflex exam on the brachioradialis?
thumb on bicep tendon, palm facing down, forearm relaxed, locate radial styloid process (bony prominence of wrist) and hit it - flexion and supination of forearm
How do you perform a deep tendon reflex exam on the patellar?
use flat end of hammer, hit below kneecap - extension of knee
How do you perform a deep tendon reflex exam on the achilles?
knee is flexed (on exam table), external rotation of hip and dorsiflexion of foot, strike achilles tendon - plantar reflex should occur
