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Health Assessment (NRSE-210) > Ch. 20 (The Heart & Neck Vessels) > Flashcards

Ch. 20 (The Heart & Neck Vessels) Flashcards

1
Q

What part of the heart anatomy would be called the base?

A

the top

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2
Q

What part of the heart anatomy would be called the apex?

A

the bottom

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3
Q

There are three layers to the heart.

What layer is a tough sac that surrounds and protects the heart?

A

pericardium

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4
Q

There are three layers to the heart.

What layer is a muscular wall that does the pumping in the heart?

A

myocardium

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5
Q

There are three layers to the heart.

What layer is a thin wall that lines the inner surface?

A

endocardium

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6
Q

distal - fill and chill

A
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7
Q

systole -

A
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8
Q

s1 (lub) - mitral and tricuspid valve closing

A
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9
Q

s2 (dub) - aortic and pulmonic valve closing

A
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10
Q

We live most of our lives in what heart cycle?

A

diastole (2/3)

systole - 1/3

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11
Q

Where do we hear S1 loudest?

A

apex

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12
Q

Where do we hear S2 loudest?

A

base

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13
Q

What are some conditions that would cause heart murmurs?

A
  • thickness (viscosity) of blood increases
  • viscosity decreases
  • valve problems (most common)

pregnancy can cause temporary murmurs

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14
Q

What does a heart murmur sound like?

A

a gentle “wooshing” sound

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15
Q

What portion of the heart contains specialized cells near the superior vena cava that initiates electrical pulse?

A

SA Node

natural pacemakers

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16
Q

What portion of the heart is located low in septum of right atrium, making it contract?

A

AV node

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17
Q

the impulse travels into branches to left atrium

A

bundle of his

18
Q

What is the equation used to calculate cardiac output?

A

CO = SV x R
stroke volume x rate = cardiac output

19
Q

What are the main two neck vessels?

A
  • carotid artery (in groove between trachea and sternomastoid process)
  • jugular veins
20
Q

What main neck vessel carries O2 blood to the head?

A

carotid artery

21
Q

What main neck vessel empties deoxygenated blood into the superior vena cava?

A

jugular vein

22
Q

What can chest pain be described as in subjective data?

A
  • squeezing
  • crushing
23
Q

People who have heart problems usually experience dyspnea with what?

A

supine position (laying down)

24
Q

People who have heart problems usually ease their orthopnea with what?

A

tons of pillows to prop themselves up

25
Q

Women compared to men tend to experience what sort of symptoms when experiencing a heart attack?

A
  • stomach pain (GI issue)
  • extreme fatigue

men is usually the classic symptoms

26
Q

What type of symptoms could you have with heart problems?

A
  • chest pain
  • dyspnea (laying down pain when breathing)
  • orthopnea (ease in pain when sitting up)
  • coughing
  • fatigue
  • cyanosis or pallor
  • edema/swelling
  • nocturia (getting up to pee alot at night due to extra pressure on kidneys when laying down)
  • diabetes
  • hypertension

dental problems are correlated with heart problems due to bacteria

27
Q

How do you inspect the jugular venous pulse?

A

pt lies supine 30-45 degree angle, no pillow, turn head slightly away, use good light

28
Q

when palpating the chest, what part of the hand are you using and why?

A
  • ulnar surface of hand
  • checking vibrations
29
Q

When palpating across the precordium using the ulnar surface of your hand, the vibration feels similar to a cat purring. What kind of vibration would that be called and would that cause any concern?

A
  • thrill (vibration)
  • usually present in patients with really bad heart problems
30
Q

When auscultating the chest, what acronym do we use to remember the order we go in?

A
  • Aortic
  • Pulmonic
  • Erbs point
  • tricuspid
  • o
  • Mitral
  • n

ape to men

31
Q

Every what heart beat, will you hear the pulmonic area inspirate?

A

4th beat

32
Q

When listening for murmurs, timing is important. When the brewer sound/murmur is heard during the systole cycle, what would it be called?

A

systolic murmur

usually not that serious

33
Q

When listening for murmurs, timing is important. When the brewer sound/murmur is heard during the diastole cycle, what would it be called?

A

diastolic murmur

usually serious

34
Q

When listening for murmurs, position can help detect it. What positions can the pt follow to help you detect your confirmation of heart mumurs?

A
  • roll pt on left side, listen w/bell on apex
  • sit up and lean forward, listen w/diaphragm on base
35
Q

What type of abnormal finding is classified as chest pain?

A

angina

stable is predictable, variant is anything goes

36
Q

What type of abnormal finding is classified as sudden decrease in blood flow to the heart?

A

acute coronary syndrome (classic heart attack)

usually from a clot

37
Q

What type of abnormal finding is classified as clot that lodges in the lungs, described as sharp and stabbing that is worse with a deep breath?

A

pulmonary embolism

38
Q

Heart failure can either be classified as…?

A
  • acute (sudden)
  • chronic (slow)
39
Q

What type of abnormal finding occurs with abdominal swelling, dilated jugular veins (jvd), swollen feet, nocturia?

A

right sided heart failure

usually left side eventually joins in (congestive heart failure)

40
Q

What type of abnormal finding occurs with coughing, shortness of breath (SOB), crackles upon ascultation, orthopnea (needing a pillow to breathe), lower O2?

A

left sided heart failure

usually right side eventually joins in (congestive heart failure)

41
Q

What kind of heart problem causes atrial spasming (irregular beating), electrical conduction issue, and blood pools causing clots which increases risk of MI and strokes?

A

atrial fibrillation (AFIB)

blood thinners are usually prescribed

Health Assessment (NRSE-210) (19 decks)

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