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Elsa AACN > Ch 6 Neurologic Exam Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Ch 6 Neurologic Exam Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

How many cranial nerves are there?

A

12

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2
Q

Cranial nerves originate from where?

A

brain stem (mid brain, pons, medulla)

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3
Q

Cranial nerves are grouped based on which 3 functions

A

sensory (I, II VIII)
motor (III, IV, VI, XI, XII)
mixed (V, VII, IX, X)

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4
Q

CN I is called

A

Olfactory Nerve

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5
Q

Where does olfactory nerve project from and to

A

from olfactory regions to midbrain

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6
Q

Function of CN I?

A

smell

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7
Q

Olfactory loss is also known as

A

anosmia

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8
Q

Anosmia can occur with what condition

A

subfrontal masses (e.g. tumor, abscess)
trauma to orbitofrontal region
viral infections due to damage to olfactory neuroepithelium

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9
Q

CN II is called

A

Optic Nerve

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10
Q

Optic Nerve projects from where to where

A

retina to the midbrain

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11
Q

Function of CN II?

A

Vision

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12
Q

Abnormality in optic chiasm causes

A

loss of visual temporal fields (bitemporal hemiapnosia)

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13
Q

Postchiasmic lesions can result in

A

loss of half of a contralateral visual hemifield on the same side of both eyes (homonymous hemiapnosia)

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14
Q

Prechiasmic lesions can result in

A

monocular blindness

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15
Q

Involvement of optic radiation tract (tract that connects LGN to primary visual cortex) in posterior temporal lobe results in

A

loss of superior quadrant visual field on contralateral side (homonymous superior quadrantanopsia)

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16
Q

Involvement of optic radiation in parietal lobe results in

A

loss of inferior quadrant visual field on the contralateral side (homonymous inferior quadrantanopsia)

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17
Q

CN III is known as

A

Occulomotor Nerve

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18
Q

Where does the occulomotor nerve originate and project to

A

originate from midbrain and projects to extraocular muscles

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19
Q

function of CN III

A

Eye movements Medially (adduction), superiorly, inferiorly

pupil constriction

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20
Q

CN IV is known as

A

Trochlear Nerve

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21
Q

CN VI is known as

A

Abducens Nerve

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22
Q

Where does the trochlear nerve originate and project to

A

originate from midbrain and project to superior oblique muscle

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23
Q

Where does the abducens nerve originate and project to

A

originate from pons

projects to lateral rectus muscle

24
Q

How does one evaluate CN IV and VI?

A

observing vertical and lateral eye movements

25
Q

Compression of CN IV can be caused by what?

A

cerebellar tumors

damage to shear injury from head trauma and produce vertical diplopia

26
Q

Compression of CN VI can be caused by

A

elevated intracranial pressure and produces horizontal diplopia (failure to adduct)

27
Q

CN V is known as

A

Trigeminal Nerve

28
Q

Where does the trigeminal nerve originate and project to

A

originate from pons and innervates t he upper, middle, lower portions of the face via ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular divisions

29
Q

Function of CN V?

A

sending pain, touch and temperature sensations from your face to your brain.

30
Q

How is function of CN V assessed?

A

assessing facial sensation, corneal reflex, jaw jerk reflex

31
Q

CN VII is known as

A

facial nerve

32
Q

Where does the facial nerve originate and project to

A

originate from lower pons and upper medulla

33
Q

Function of CN VII

A

control muscles of facial expression
parasympathetic (tears and salivation)
visceral sensory (taste)
general somatosensory functions

34
Q

How to assess function of CN VII?

A

looking for asymmetry in spontaneous facial expression

35
Q

CN VIII is known as

A

vestibulocochlear nerve

36
Q

Where does the vestibulocochlear nerve originate and project to

A

projects from auditory canal to pontomedullary junction

37
Q

CN VIII function

A

auditory and vestibular functions

38
Q

Assessment of CN VIII functions

A

Rinne test (vibrating tuning fork placed outside each ear to assess air conduction and on forehead or mastoid to assess bone conduction)

39
Q

Dix Hallpike maneuver

A

tests vestibular function - differentiate peripheral from central causes of vertigo

40
Q

Vertigo with nystagmus suggests dysfunction in which CN?

A

CN VIII (vestobulocochlear nerve)

41
Q

CN IX is known as

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

42
Q

Where does the glossopharyngeal nerve originate and project to

A

stems from medulla and projects to pharynx, middle ear, posterior tongue

43
Q

function of CN IX

A

sensory info to mouth and throat

swallowing, taste

44
Q

assessment of CN IX?

A

inducing a gag reflex, touching the uvula

45
Q

CN X is known as

A

vagus nerve

46
Q

where does vagus nerve originate from and project to?

A

originates in medulla, innervates to heart, lungs, digestive tract

47
Q

function of CN X

A

regulation of internal organ functions, such as digestion, heart rate, and respiratory rate

48
Q

CN XI known as

A

Spinal accessory nerve

49
Q

where does spinal accessory nerve originate from and project to?

A

stems from spinal cord and projects to sternocleidomastoid muscle and trapezius

50
Q

How to assess CN XI?

A

shrug shoulders

51
Q

CN XII known as

A

hypoglossal nerve

52
Q

where does hypoglossal nerve originate from and project to?

A

originate in medulla and projects to tongue muscles

53
Q

How to assess hypoglossal nerve?

A

examining tongue protruded

tongue will deviate toward side of lesion

54
Q

Mnemonic of 12 cranial nerves

A 
Oh Oh Oh 
They Traveled
And Found
Voldemort Guarding Very Ancient
Houses
55
Q

Name the Sensory Motor Both Functions of the cranial nerves

A

Some Say Money Matters
But My Boyfriend Says
Big Boobs
Matter Most

56
Q

Hemianopia

A

when you lose sight in half of your visual field

Elsa AACN (35 decks)

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