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Elsa AACN > Ch 16 ADHD > Flashcards

Ch 16 ADHD Flashcards

1
Q

ADHD prevalence in childhood ages 4-17

A

10%

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2
Q

worldwide estimates of ADHD

A

5%

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3
Q

Male to female ratio

A

2:1

12% to 6%

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4
Q

incidence rates of ADHD increase or decrease with age?

A

increase with age

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5
Q

incidence rates of 10-17 year olds have 2x as many as

A

5-9 year olds

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6
Q

no difference between Blacks and Whites, T or F?

A

T

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7
Q

Latinos lower rate than other groups. T or F?

A

T

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8
Q

prevalence of subtypes vary

A

in ages 8-15 - ADHD- I is 2x as many as ADHD-C or ADHD-H

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9
Q

ADHD is associated with SES such as what factors?

A

poverty
income
single parent household
insurance

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10
Q

ADHD-H is less heritable than other subtypes, T or F

A

T

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11
Q

most prominent type of ADHD?

A

inattentive type

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12
Q

which two presentations share the same etiological influences and respond to the same pharmacological intervention?

A

ADHD I and ADHD C

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13
Q

Sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) associated with which ADHD subtype?

A

inattentive

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14
Q

what is SCT

A

lethargic, mental confusion, daydreaming, difficulty sustaining attention, motivation, mental fogginess

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15
Q

SCT shares some symptoms with ADHD I except which traits?

A

underactivity, lethargy, slowness

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16
Q

SCT people also exhibit which type of mood disorders

A

depression and anxiety

17
Q

SCT responds well or not as well to traditional stimulants?

A

not as well

18
Q

neuropathology of ADHD

A

abnormalities in frontal region
underactivation in frontocortical and frontosubcortical networks, DLPFC, dorsal ACC
reduced brain volume
delayed cortical maturation in frontal and temporal regions
abnormalities in corpus callosum, prefrontal, tempora, parietal cortex,

Most consistent findings— abnormality in basal ganglia (caudate nucleus)!!!!

19
Q

ADHD is familial and heritable at what %?

A

30-35%

6-8 times the risk in those who have a first degree relative who has ADHD than the general population

20
Q

twin studies show heritability of what %

A

70-80%, genetic influences account for 75% of variances in adults and children

21
Q

candidate gene approaches have identified genes that affect which pathway?

A

dopamine pathway

22
Q

genome wide linkage and association analyses identify linkage regions on which chromosomes?

A

5 6 10 12 16

23
Q

other risk factors

A 
prematurity
birth complications
maternal smoking
lead exposure
TBI
24
Q

gender differences in phenotype severity

A

females have a milder presentation

25
Q

what is a frequent marker for severe manifestation of ADHD

A

comorbidity such as dyslexia, ODD

26
Q

which factor accounted for the overlap between deficits in reading and attention?

A

processing speed

27
Q

which factor accounted for the overlap between deficits in math and attention?

A

processing speed

28
Q

which factor accounted for the overlap between reading and math?

A

verbal comprehension

29
Q

Base rate for symptom exaggeration of ADHD in college settings

A

15% - 50%

30
Q

combination of behavioral modification and medication produce the strongest symptom reduction from ages 7-9

A

True

31
Q

What is the first line of treatment for pre school age children

A

behavioral therapy

32
Q

medications for ADHD

A

methylphenidate

amphetamine

33
Q

% of people benefiting from stimulants

A

70-90%

34
Q

common side effects of adhd meds

A

insomnia
anorexia
slow growth rate

35
Q

second line of ADHD meds

A

atomoxetine
guanfacine
clonidine

36
Q

what is atomoxetine

A

noradrenergic reuptake inhibitor
good for comorbid anxiety and adhd
smaller effect size than stimulants
reduce tics

37
Q

EEG biofeedback

A

treating inattentive sx

increase ratio of high frequency beta waves to low frequency theta waves

Elsa AACN (35 decks)

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