Ch 12 Symptom validity and performance validity Flashcards
symptom validity
determine whether pt presents an accurate report of actual subjective experience
performance validity
determine whether pts are demonstrating actual level of ability
Heaton study (1978) about validity shows 2 findings
1) experienced clinicians cannot reliably discriminate test scores produced by non injured people stimulating impairment from those who had actual impairment due to brain injury
2) atypical patterns of performance that separate the 2 groups could be derived statistically; discriminant function analysis correctly classified 100% on halstead reitan/Wais, and 94% based on MMPI.
MMPI 2 FBS and RBS for?
FBS, RBS - detection of exaggerated injury or physical illness in civil legal settings
MMPI 2 Fb and Fp scales for?
detection of exaggeration of symptoms in criminal legal settings
Does the PAI contain SVT scales sensitive to exaggeration of symptoms?
No, but MMPI does
Example of symptom validity test
SIRS, Medical symptom validity test, SIMS
PVT failure in adults accounts for ? of the variance on ability-based tests?
50%
what is the failure rate of PVT and SVT in civil settings with external incentive?
40%
what is the failure rate of PVT and SVT in criminal settings?
54% met criteria for malingering
In peds clinical population, what’s the % of children presenting with non credible presentations?
3-5%
What clinical group in pediatric population shows higher rates of non credible effort? What%?
concussion, 15%
What percentage of adults in general meds and psychiatric settings exaggerate sx?
8
Definition of malingering
fabrication and/or exaggeration of deficits in pursuit of an external incentive (e.g. money, avoidance of litigation)
Failure of PVT or SVT does not mean malingering. T or F
T
SP of a test is the percent of people
without the condition of interest correctly id’ed as not having the condition
SN of a test is the percent of people
who actually have the condition of interest id’ed correctly as having the condition
important for ruling out the condition of interest
PPP = diagnostic probability for the presence of dx when the person has the condition of interest
TP / TP + FP
NPP = diagnostic probability for the absence of dx of malingering when the person does not have the condition of interest
TN/TN + FN
Monte Carlo simulations problems?
overestimate FP compared to actual PVT pt performance
Why does monte carlo simulations overestimate FP?
because it relies on normally distributed data
PVT measures are often
skewed
Goal of PVT is to minimize what?
false positives
