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Elsa AACN > Ch 4 Neuroanatomy Part II > Flashcards

Ch 4 Neuroanatomy Part II Flashcards

(47 cards)

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1
Q

Left hemisphere is dominant for language in what percentage of Right handers

A

95%

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2
Q

Left hemisphere is dominant for language in what percentage of Left handers

A

60-70%

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3
Q

Which fissure divides the temporal and frontal lobes?

A

Sylvian Fissure

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4
Q

Wernicke’s aphasia

A

disturbance in comprehension (fluent aphasia)

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5
Q

Damage to Broca’s area results in

A

non fluent aphasia, inability to plan and activate sequence of speech sounds

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6
Q

Repetition of language involves what processes between the Wernicke’s and Broca’s?

A

phonological representations generated by processing in Wernicke’s area be converted to motor-articulatory sequences and utterances in Broca’s area

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7
Q

What is the name of the pathway that connects the Wernicke’s and Broca’s?

A

arcuate fasciulus

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8
Q

What is the arcuate fasciulus?

A

the large subcortical white matter pathway that connects the Wernicke’s and Broca’s areas

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9
Q

What happens if the arcuate fasiculus is damged?

A

CONDUCTION APHASIA

- disproportionate deficit in repetition, disturbance of spontaneous speech, with relative sparing of comprehension

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10
Q

What are other parts are the Wernicke’s area connected to?

A

supramarginal and angular gyri of parietal lobe (language comprehension and mapping sounds to meaning)

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11
Q

Which part of the brain is prosody processed?

A

Right hemisphere

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12
Q

Definition of aprosodia

A

deficit in comprehending or expressing variations in tone of voice used to express both linguistic and emotional information

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13
Q

Which part of the brain is responsible for expressing emotional prosody in speech

A

inferior right frontal lobe

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14
Q

Which part of the brain is damaged if someone cannot comprehend emotional prosody

A

posterior tempoal parietal lesion

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15
Q

Name the deficit of Broca’s aphasia

A

Impaired speech planning and production

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16
Q

What are the symptoms of Broca’s aphasia?

A 
decreased speech production
sparse, halting speech
missing function words
syntactic deficits
right hemiparesis (often)
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17
Q

What is the lesion location of Broca’s aphasia?

A

third frontal convolution of the inferior frontal gyrus

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18
Q

Name the deficit of Wernicke’s aphasia

A

Impaired representation of the sound structure of the words

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19
Q

What are the symptoms of Wernicke’s aphasia?

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A 
decreased auditory comprehension
fluent speech ok
paraphasias
poor repetition and naming
may have right homonymous hemianopia
20
Q

What is the lesion location of Wernicke’s aphasia?

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A

posterior half of the superior temporal gyrus

21
Q

Name the deficit of anomic aphasia

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A

impaired storage or access to lexicon

22
Q

What are the symptoms of anomic aphasia?

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A

decreased single word production
marked for common nouns
repetition and comprehension relative intact

23
Q

What is the lesion location of anomic aphasia?

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A

inferior parietal lobe or connections within perisylvian language areas

24
Q

Name the deficit of transcortical motor aphasia

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A

disconnection between conceptual word/sentence representations in perisylvian region and motor speech areas

25
What are the symptoms of transcortical motor aphasia?
- disturbed spontaneous speech similar to Brocas | - relatively preserved repetition and comprehension
26
What is the lesion location of transcortical motor aphasia?
deep white matter tracts connecting Broca's area to parietal and temporal lobe
27
Name the deficit of transcortical sensory aphasia
disturbed activation of word meanings despite normal recognition of auditorily presented words
28
What are the symptoms of transcortical sensory aphasia?
Disturbance in word comprehension with relatively inract repetition
29
What is the lesion location of transcortical sensory aphasia?
White matter tracts connecting parietal and temporal lobe
30
Name the deficit of conduction aphasia
Disconnection between sound patterns and speech production mechanmisms
31
What are the symptoms of conduction aphasia?
disturbance of repetition and spontaneous speech, phonemic paraphasia
32
What is the lesion location of conduction aphasia?
- arcuate fasciculus | - connections between Broca's and Werrnicke's area
33
What is the basal ganglia?
masses of gray matter found deep within the white matter of each cerebral hemisphere.
34
What are the components of the basal ganglia?
caudate nucleus putamen globus pallidus
35
Functions of the Caudate Nucleus
- controls speed and accuracy of speeded movements - executive functions (decision making processes related to attention) - reward and reinforcement - procedural learning - inhibition of actions
36
Functions of Putamen
- regulation of movement | - stored information of previously learned movements
37
Which two components are included in the striatum?
Caudate nucleus | Putamen
38
Where is the substantia nigra located?
- midbrain | - has extensive connections to the corpus striatum
39
Discuss the subcortical loop in the frontal lobe
information is sent from the cortex -> striatum -> globus pallidus --> thalamus --> cortex
40
Name the loop that explains the frontal-subcortical interaction
Cortico-striatal-pallidal-thalamo-cortical loop
41
What are the three interconnected systems for attention?
Orientation to stimuli Alerting Executive attention
42
Orientation to stimuli
- tuning of perceptual systems to incoming stimuli so that relevant sensory input can be selected for processing - dependent on acetylcholine - involves superior colliculus, pulvinar thalamic nucleus, posterior temporoparietal cortex, frontal eye fields
43
Alerting
- state of sensitivity to incoming stimuli | - modulated by norepinephrine and depends primarily on ascending sensory inputs from the thalamus
44
Executive attention
- monitoring and resolving conflicts among thoughts, feelings, behaviors - dependent on dopamine, anterior cingulate cortex and DLPFC
45
Working memory anatomic facts
1) distinction between dorsal and ventral systems | 2) dorsal components of frontal working memory are preferentially connected to the dorsal visual stream
46
Which region is activated when doing mental manipulation (e.g. digit sequencing)
Dorsal region
47
Which region is activated when doing sequential organization and storage (e.g. digit span forward)
Ventral region

Elsa AACN (35 decks)

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