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Esthetics > Ch. 6: Electricity > Flashcards

Ch. 6: Electricity Flashcards

1
Q

A ____ is a measure of how much electrical energy is being used.

A

watt

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2
Q

Electricity is a form of energy that produces light, ___, magnetic and ___ changes.

A

light, heat, magnetic and chemical changes

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3
Q

The flow of electricity moving along a conductor is called a(n)

A

electric current

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4
Q

The application of special currents (or modalities) that have certain effects on the skin is called _____.

A

electrotherapy

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5
Q

The 4 types of current you need to be familiar with include Galvanic, High Frequency, Faradic, ____.

A

Sinusoidal

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6
Q

A current conductor that is used to bring the current from the appliance to the client’s skin is called a(n) ____.

A

electrode

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7
Q

A special appliance used to convert alternating current to direct current is called a(n) ____.

A

rectifier

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8
Q

The use of a negative electrode with a negatively charged solution to perform desincrustation treatment is called ____.

A

anaphoresis

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9
Q

The use of a positive electrode with a positively charged solution to perform iontophoresis treatment is called ____.

A

cataphoresis

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10
Q

High Frequency Current is also referred to as…

A

Tesla Current

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11
Q

When the skin care specialist uses an electrode in direct contact with the client’s skin, it is referred to as…

A

Direct High Frequency

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12
Q

The formation of ozone to produce a germicidal effect on the skin is known as…

A

Direct High Frequency

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13
Q

The electric current in which electrons move at an even rate and flow only in one direction is called a…

A

direct current

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14
Q

A rapid oscillating cycle that alternates back and forth allowing electrons to flow first in one direction and then in the other is a(n)…

A

alternating current

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15
Q

When a generator alternates current, the number of cycles per second is called the…

A

hertz rating

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16
Q

Materials that do not allow a current to pass through them are called ____.

A

insulators

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17
Q

How many milliamperes equal one ampere?

A

1000

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18
Q

A volt measures the amount of electric ____.

A

pressure

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19
Q

A unit of electrical resistance is called a(n) ____.

A

ohm

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20
Q

A path in which the electricity leaves the source and travels to an appliance to power it is a(n)…

A

closed path

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21
Q

More current flowing through a line than the line is designed to carry is called a(n) ____.

A

overload

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22
Q

What can occur any time a foreign conductor comes in contact with a wire carrying current to a load?

A

short circuit

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23
Q

Two metal pieces that make contact with each other to allow the flow of electric current are found on a(n)…

A

circuit breaker

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24
Q

A safety device designed to protect the user during the operation of appliances is a…

A

grounding wire

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25
Q

What type of shock passes through a small part of the body and can cause burns and muscle contractions?

A

Local shock

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26
Q

The direct current used in electrotherapy treatments is _____.

A

Galvanic

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27
Q

What type of phoresis is often used in desincrustation?

A

anaphoresis

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28
Q

Which treatment uses cataphoresis to build up or nourish the deeper layers of the epidermis?

A

Iontophoresis

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29
Q

A negatively charged electrode is called a(n) ____.

A

cathode

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30
Q

Which term represents a positively charged electrode?

A

anode

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31
Q

When the electrode held by the esthetician is in the positive mode, the reaction on the skin will be ____.

A

acidic

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32
Q

Tesla, a High Frequency Current, is also known as the ____ ray.

A

violet

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33
Q

A narrow space between the electrode and the skin used to provide germicidal healing and drying effects during either Direct or Indirect High Frequency treatments is a…

A

spark gap

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34
Q

Faradic Current is used chiefly to cause…

A

muscle contractions

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35
Q

An alternating current that penetrates more deeply and can provide greater stimulation to the treated area than a Faradic Current is called…

A

Sinusoidal

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36
Q

Pregnancy, epilepsy, diabetes or other conditions that suggest it is inadvisable to perform a procedure on a client is a(n) ____.

A

contraindication

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37
Q

A combination light that can be broken into its individual wavelengths by a prism is referred to as…

A

white light

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38
Q

Bacteria that cause skin infections can be killed by ____ light.

A

ultraviolet

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39
Q

Which type of ultraviolet ray is most frequently used in tanning booths?

A

UVA rays

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40
Q

The transfer of heat via direct contact is ____.

A

conduction

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41
Q

What effect does a rotating brush produce?

A

mechanical

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42
Q

Electric current that travels through a water-based solution and onto the body has a(n) ___ effect.

A

electrochemical

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43
Q

A device that sprays lukewarm, diffused vapor mist onto the surface of the skin is called a(n)…

A

facial steamer

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44
Q

____ is a form of energy that produces light, heat, magnetic and chemical changes.

A

Electricity

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45
Q

Electricity travels in a ____. When you switch on an appliance, the ____ is completed.

A

circuit

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46
Q

The flow of electricity along a conductor is called electric current or ____.

A

modality

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47
Q

____ ____ is a constant current in which electrons move at an even rate and flow in only one direction.

A

Direct Current

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48
Q

A ____ ____ indicates the number of cycles per second that a generator alternates current.

A

hertz rating

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49
Q

Materials that transport electricity easily are called ____.

A

conductors

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50
Q

The best conductors are ____ and ____.

A

silver and copper

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51
Q

Is aluminum a conductor or an insulator?

A

conductor

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52
Q

A conductor is safely contained in an ____, which is a material that does not allow a current to pass through it.

A

insulator

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53
Q

____ are a unit of electric strength.

A

Amps

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54
Q

____ are a unit of electric pressure.

A

Volts

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55
Q

____ are a unit of electric resistance.

A

Ohms

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56
Q

A ____ path is a path on which the electricity leaves the source and travels to an appliance in order to power it. When this path is broken, it is called a(n) ____ ____.

A

closed path; open circuit

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57
Q

A ____ is the technical term for any appliance that requires electricity in order to work.

A

load

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58
Q

Do not try to extinguish an electrical fire with ____, because it will become a conductor.

A

water

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59
Q

A ____ is a safety device that prevents electrical wires from overheating.

A

fuse

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60
Q

A ____ shock, aka _____, passes through the nervous system, causes the heart to stop, breathing to cease, and muscles to convulse.

A

General shock; electrocution

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61
Q

To restore power with circuit breakers, after turning off or unplugging all connected appliances, go to the power box and…

A

turn the colored switch (red or yellow) completely off then immediately to the “on” position.

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62
Q

_____ treatments is the term for the many different facial treatments that require the use of electricity.

A

Electrotherapy

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63
Q

____ Current is the only constant direct current (DC) of low voltage and high amperage that produces an electrochemical effect.

A

Galvanic

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64
Q

The process of forcing a water-based solution into the skin by applying Galvanic Current to the solution is known as ____.

A

phoresis

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65
Q

_____ allows an alkaline solution to enter the skin when assisted by Galvanic Current and the negative pole of an electrode.

A

Anaphoresis

66
Q

_____ is a treatment in which blockages in the skin, such as clogged pores and blackheads, are broken down.

A

Desincrustation

67
Q

Water-soluble solutions used in desincrustation are ____ and have a ____ charge.

A

alkaline; negative charge

68
Q

Water-soluble solutions used in iontophoresis are ____ and have a _____ charge.

A

acidic; positive charge

69
Q

Anaphoresis allows an ____ solution to enter the skin when assisted by Galvanic Current and the ____ pole of an electrode.

A

alkaline; negative pole

70
Q

Cataphoresis is a type of phoresis that allows an ____ solution to enter the skin when assisted by Galvanic Current and the ____ pole of an electrode.

A

acidic solution; positive pole

71
Q

During a High Frequency procedure, it is possible to create an even more powerful ozone effect by slowly lifting the electrode away from the skin. This method is known as ____ or creating a ____ ____.

A

sparking; spark gap

72
Q

What type of current is alternating (or oscillating) and can be adjusted to different voltages to produce heat?

A

High Frequency Current/ Tesla Current

73
Q

What type of current is an alternating current that’s interrupted to produce a mechanical, non-chemical reaction?

A

Faradic Current

74
Q

What type of current is an alternating current that produces a mechanical effect?

A

Sinusoidal Current

75
Q

The portion of the electromagnetic spectrum humans can see is called…

A

visible light

76
Q

What type of light creates the closest substitute for natural sunlight?

A

Incandescent

77
Q

____ light is provided by an ordinary light bulb.

A

Incandescent

78
Q

____ is the transfer of heat through a vacuum (empty space).

A

Radiation

79
Q

_____ effects are created when electric current travels through a water-based solution (a liquid conductor) and onto the body.

A

Electrochemical

80
Q

What is an elaborate magnifying mirror/ light that incorporates a black light and allows the esthetician to see the client’s skin and the client to see their reflection?

A

skin scope/ dermascope/ skin scanner

81
Q

A facial vaporizer is also known as a…

A

facial steamer

82
Q

The ____ ____ acts like a mini vacuum cleaner to aid in deep pore cleansing by drawing out dirt, impurities, and sebum.

A

suction machine

83
Q

What machine is an automated device that helps achieve a more thorough cleansing or toning after extraction or suction, or can help remove a clay mask?

A

Spray machine

84
Q

The Lucas Spray, also known as ____ ____ Spray, is a unique atomizer that allows for the application of various ____ to be applied to the skin in a very fine mist.

A

Electric Pulverizer Spray; herbs

85
Q

When finished using the Electric Pulverizer Spray, what should you do before turning off the machine to keep the tube clear of debris?

A

Remove the plastic tube from the large beaker

86
Q

What skin types is the Electric Pulverizer Spray suitable for refreshing, soothing, and toning?

A

All

87
Q

What texture and speed for the Rotating Brush Machine is suitable for dry, sensitive skin?

A

Soft brush at slow speed

88
Q

A ____ machine is used to achieve a light resurfacing of the epidermis.

A

microdermabrasion

89
Q

What should you use to wipe down the facial bed after each use?

A

Approved disinfectant

90
Q

The ____ ____ produces warm, moist heat at a comfortable temperature to soften the skin of the face and aid in deep product penetration.

A

electric mask

91
Q

The ____ ____ is great for moisturizing the face and softening and liquefying sebum deposit.

A

electric mask

92
Q

Electric treatment mittens and booties are electronically heated and slipped onto the hands and/or feet to help…

A

product penetrate more deeply into the skin.

93
Q

Paraffin heating units are electric containers that melt blocks of paraffin wax for use in ____, ____, ____, and ____ treatments.

A

face, hand, foot, body

94
Q

A ____ machine features a combination of different electrical units combined into one piece of equipment.

A

multifunction

95
Q

What are specially designed heating containers that melt wax for hair removal?

A

Wax heating units

96
Q

What are warm, moist towels used for?

A

removing product from the skin during face and body treatments

97
Q

What keeps warm, moist towels ready for use throughout the day in the skin care treatment room?

A

Hot towel cabinet

98
Q

A reusable device that breaks the flow of current when an overload occurs is called a(n)…

A

circuit breaker

99
Q

A safety device called a three-wire system is also known as a(n)…

A

grounding wire

100
Q

The piece of skin analysis equipment that allows things to be seen on the surface of the skin that would otherwise be invisible to the naked eye is the ___ ___.

A

magnifying lamp or loupe

101
Q

A measurement of the degree of magnification is known as a(n) ___.

A

diopter

102
Q

A type of skin analysis equipment that utilizes violet rays or black light is referred to as the ___ ___.

A

Wood’s Lamp

103
Q

The elaborate magnifying mirror/light that incorporates a black light and allows the client to see their reflection is called a(n) ____.

A

dermascope or skin scope or skin scanner

104
Q

The piece of equipment used to soften dead surface skin cells, expand pores, and increase product penetration by spraying vapor mist onto the surface of the skin is called a(n) ____.

A

steamer or vaporizer

105
Q

The handheld appliance that performs superficial exfoliation is called the ___ ___.

A

rotating brush

106
Q

The apparatus that acts like a miniature vacuum cleaner to help in deep pore cleansing is called the ___ ___.

A

suction machine

107
Q

The automated spraying device that is also called an atomizer is referred to as the ___ ___.

A

spray machine

108
Q

Facial equipment designed to feature a combination of different electrical units is referred to as a(n) ___ ___.

A

multi-function machine

109
Q

The unique atomizer that allows for the application of various herbs, extracts, or astringents in a fine mist is called a(n) ___ ___.

A

Lucas Spray or Electric Pulverizer Spray

110
Q

What step of the facial can be eliminated if suction is used?

A

massage

111
Q

Which two electrodes create germicidal effects on the skin?

A

mushroom and horseshoe

112
Q

Most electrodes (excluding the mushroom and horseshoe electrodes) promote, enhance, or increase ___ ___ over different areas of the face.

A

product penetration

113
Q

Which type of electrode is used to increase product penetration into small, delicate areas of the face?

A

metal ball

114
Q

Which type of electrode is used to promote product penetration in delicate lines and crevices of the face?

A

single or double-prong metal

115
Q

Which type of electrode can enhance relaxation?

A

indirect or spiral

116
Q

Which two electrodes are used to stimulate the scalp?

A

comb and rake

117
Q

Which type of electrode is inactive and completes the flow of current in iontophoresis and desincrustation?

A

wrist

118
Q

Which electrode increases product penetration in small, clogged areas and dissolves sebum?

A

tweezer or flat head

119
Q

What are the two conditions that must exist for electrical current to be produced?

A

a source and a closed path must be present

120
Q

Human contact with an electric current causes a(n) ____.

A

shock

121
Q

Galvanic, High Frequency, Faradic, and Sinusoidal are 4 types of ____.

A

currents

122
Q

What is the only constant direct current of low voltage and high amperage?

A

Galvanic

123
Q

What term is used when electric current has opposite poles?

A

polarity

124
Q

What piece of equipment is used in a dark room to provide light and magnification to determine skin type and condition?

A

Wood’s Lamp

125
Q

Which of the following is an alternating current that is interrupted to produce a mechanical, non-chemical reaction?

A

Faradic Current

126
Q

An alternating current that penetrates more deeply and can provide greater stimulation to the treated area than a Faradic Current is called ____ ____.

A

Sinusoidal Current

127
Q

A form of thermal energy in which the transfer of heat is via liquid or gas is called _____.

A

convection

128
Q

Which of the following machines uses a very aggressive exfoliating procedure that requires advanced training?

A

Microdermabrasion machine

129
Q

Which of the following pieces of skin care equipment is an elaborate magnifying mirror/light that incorporates a black light and allows clients to see their reflection?

A

Dermascope

130
Q

Skin is often analyzed under a skin scanner, magnifying lamp or…

A

Wood’s Lamp

131
Q

With a Wood’s lamp, blue-white light indicates…

A

Normal, healthy skin

132
Q

With a Wood’s lamp, bright fluorescent light indicates…

A

Hydrated skin

133
Q

With a Wood’s lamp, light violet indicates…

A

Dehydrated skin

134
Q

With a Wood’s lamp, purple fluorescent light indicates…

A

Thin, dehydrated skin

135
Q

With a Wood’s lamp white spots indicate…

A

Horny layer of skin and dead cells

136
Q

With a Wood’s lamp, white fluorescent light indicates…

A

Thick corneum layer

137
Q

With a Wood’s lamp, yellow/pink/orange light indicates…

A

Oily areas and clogged pores

138
Q

With a Wood’s lamp, brown indicates…

A

Pigmentation, dark spots, and sun damage

139
Q

What indicates the number of electrons flowing through a particular line?

A

Amp rating

140
Q

What indicates the resistance to the motion of the electrons through a conductor?

A

Ohm’s rating

141
Q

Since a watt is a small unit of energy, power companies describe watt usage in…

A

kilowatt hours

142
Q

What indicates that the appliance has been certified to operate safely under the conditions specified in the instructions?

A

Underwriter’s Laboratory

143
Q

What changes a direct current to alternating current?

A

Converter

144
Q

An electrical path that is broken is called a(n)…

A

Open circuit

145
Q

A path on which the electricity leaves the source and operates an appliance is called a(n)…

A

closed path

146
Q

Which type of shock passes through the nervous system?

A

General shock

147
Q

Cataphoresis _____ and _____ the tissue.

A

tightens; firms

148
Q

The process of breaking down blockages in the skin with an alkaline solution to open the pores and soften blockages is referred to as…

A

desincrustation

149
Q

The process of forcing water-soluble acidic product into the skin to nourish deep layers of the epidermis is called ____.

A

iontophoresis

150
Q

A gas generated close to the skin’s surface that has a germicidal, healing, and drying effect is ___ gas.

A

ozone

151
Q

One benefit of Direct High Frequency current is the improvement of ___ ___.

A

blood circulation

152
Q

During which type of treatment does the esthetician place both electrodes on the client’s skin making certain they never touch?

A

Direct Faradic method

153
Q

Which treatment produces beneficial effects on the body through treatments using light rays or waves?

A

light therapy

154
Q

Any infrared light produces ___.

A

heat

155
Q

If an individual feels depressed when there are fewer hours of daylight, he or she may be experiencing…

A

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)/ Northeast Winter Depression

156
Q

Who needs to wear protective eyewear during light therapy treatments?

A

both client and esthetician

157
Q

What types of tools does mechanical equipment utilize?

A

rotating brushes and massagers

158
Q

During a High Frequency treatment, which electrode would the esthetician use on a client’s neck?

A

horseshoe electrode

159
Q

What type of skin cells are sloughed off during superficial exfoliation?

A

dead skin cells

160
Q

Which skin type is effectively treated by using paraffin?

A

dry skin

Esthetics (16 decks)

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