Ch. 6: Electricity Flashcards
A ____ is a measure of how much electrical energy is being used.
watt
Electricity is a form of energy that produces light, ___, magnetic and ___ changes.
light, heat, magnetic and chemical changes
The flow of electricity moving along a conductor is called a(n)
electric current
The application of special currents (or modalities) that have certain effects on the skin is called _____.
electrotherapy
The 4 types of current you need to be familiar with include Galvanic, High Frequency, Faradic, ____.
Sinusoidal
A current conductor that is used to bring the current from the appliance to the client’s skin is called a(n) ____.
electrode
A special appliance used to convert alternating current to direct current is called a(n) ____.
rectifier
The use of a negative electrode with a negatively charged solution to perform desincrustation treatment is called ____.
anaphoresis
The use of a positive electrode with a positively charged solution to perform iontophoresis treatment is called ____.
cataphoresis
High Frequency Current is also referred to as…
Tesla Current
When the skin care specialist uses an electrode in direct contact with the client’s skin, it is referred to as…
Direct High Frequency
The formation of ozone to produce a germicidal effect on the skin is known as…
Direct High Frequency
The electric current in which electrons move at an even rate and flow only in one direction is called a…
direct current
A rapid oscillating cycle that alternates back and forth allowing electrons to flow first in one direction and then in the other is a(n)…
alternating current
When a generator alternates current, the number of cycles per second is called the…
hertz rating
Materials that do not allow a current to pass through them are called ____.
insulators
How many milliamperes equal one ampere?
1000
A volt measures the amount of electric ____.
pressure
A unit of electrical resistance is called a(n) ____.
ohm
A path in which the electricity leaves the source and travels to an appliance to power it is a(n)…
closed path
More current flowing through a line than the line is designed to carry is called a(n) ____.
overload
What can occur any time a foreign conductor comes in contact with a wire carrying current to a load?
short circuit
Two metal pieces that make contact with each other to allow the flow of electric current are found on a(n)…
circuit breaker
A safety device designed to protect the user during the operation of appliances is a…
grounding wire
What type of shock passes through a small part of the body and can cause burns and muscle contractions?
Local shock
The direct current used in electrotherapy treatments is _____.
Galvanic
What type of phoresis is often used in desincrustation?
anaphoresis
Which treatment uses cataphoresis to build up or nourish the deeper layers of the epidermis?
Iontophoresis
A negatively charged electrode is called a(n) ____.
cathode
Which term represents a positively charged electrode?
anode
When the electrode held by the esthetician is in the positive mode, the reaction on the skin will be ____.
acidic
Tesla, a High Frequency Current, is also known as the ____ ray.
violet
A narrow space between the electrode and the skin used to provide germicidal healing and drying effects during either Direct or Indirect High Frequency treatments is a…
spark gap
Faradic Current is used chiefly to cause…
muscle contractions
An alternating current that penetrates more deeply and can provide greater stimulation to the treated area than a Faradic Current is called…
Sinusoidal
Pregnancy, epilepsy, diabetes or other conditions that suggest it is inadvisable to perform a procedure on a client is a(n) ____.
contraindication
A combination light that can be broken into its individual wavelengths by a prism is referred to as…
white light
Bacteria that cause skin infections can be killed by ____ light.
ultraviolet
Which type of ultraviolet ray is most frequently used in tanning booths?
UVA rays
The transfer of heat via direct contact is ____.
conduction
What effect does a rotating brush produce?
mechanical
Electric current that travels through a water-based solution and onto the body has a(n) ___ effect.
electrochemical
A device that sprays lukewarm, diffused vapor mist onto the surface of the skin is called a(n)…
facial steamer
____ is a form of energy that produces light, heat, magnetic and chemical changes.
Electricity
Electricity travels in a ____. When you switch on an appliance, the ____ is completed.
circuit
The flow of electricity along a conductor is called electric current or ____.
modality
____ ____ is a constant current in which electrons move at an even rate and flow in only one direction.
Direct Current
A ____ ____ indicates the number of cycles per second that a generator alternates current.
hertz rating
Materials that transport electricity easily are called ____.
conductors
The best conductors are ____ and ____.
silver and copper
Is aluminum a conductor or an insulator?
conductor
A conductor is safely contained in an ____, which is a material that does not allow a current to pass through it.
insulator
____ are a unit of electric strength.
Amps
____ are a unit of electric pressure.
Volts
____ are a unit of electric resistance.
Ohms
A ____ path is a path on which the electricity leaves the source and travels to an appliance in order to power it. When this path is broken, it is called a(n) ____ ____.
closed path; open circuit
A ____ is the technical term for any appliance that requires electricity in order to work.
load
Do not try to extinguish an electrical fire with ____, because it will become a conductor.
water
A ____ is a safety device that prevents electrical wires from overheating.
fuse
A ____ shock, aka _____, passes through the nervous system, causes the heart to stop, breathing to cease, and muscles to convulse.
General shock; electrocution
To restore power with circuit breakers, after turning off or unplugging all connected appliances, go to the power box and…
turn the colored switch (red or yellow) completely off then immediately to the “on” position.
_____ treatments is the term for the many different facial treatments that require the use of electricity.
Electrotherapy
____ Current is the only constant direct current (DC) of low voltage and high amperage that produces an electrochemical effect.
Galvanic
The process of forcing a water-based solution into the skin by applying Galvanic Current to the solution is known as ____.
phoresis
_____ allows an alkaline solution to enter the skin when assisted by Galvanic Current and the negative pole of an electrode.
Anaphoresis
_____ is a treatment in which blockages in the skin, such as clogged pores and blackheads, are broken down.
Desincrustation
Water-soluble solutions used in desincrustation are ____ and have a ____ charge.
alkaline; negative charge
Water-soluble solutions used in iontophoresis are ____ and have a _____ charge.
acidic; positive charge
Anaphoresis allows an ____ solution to enter the skin when assisted by Galvanic Current and the ____ pole of an electrode.
alkaline; negative pole
Cataphoresis is a type of phoresis that allows an ____ solution to enter the skin when assisted by Galvanic Current and the ____ pole of an electrode.
acidic solution; positive pole
During a High Frequency procedure, it is possible to create an even more powerful ozone effect by slowly lifting the electrode away from the skin. This method is known as ____ or creating a ____ ____.
sparking; spark gap
What type of current is alternating (or oscillating) and can be adjusted to different voltages to produce heat?
High Frequency Current/ Tesla Current
What type of current is an alternating current that’s interrupted to produce a mechanical, non-chemical reaction?
Faradic Current
What type of current is an alternating current that produces a mechanical effect?
Sinusoidal Current
The portion of the electromagnetic spectrum humans can see is called…
visible light
What type of light creates the closest substitute for natural sunlight?
Incandescent
____ light is provided by an ordinary light bulb.
Incandescent
____ is the transfer of heat through a vacuum (empty space).
Radiation
_____ effects are created when electric current travels through a water-based solution (a liquid conductor) and onto the body.
Electrochemical
What is an elaborate magnifying mirror/ light that incorporates a black light and allows the esthetician to see the client’s skin and the client to see their reflection?
skin scope/ dermascope/ skin scanner
A facial vaporizer is also known as a…
facial steamer
The ____ ____ acts like a mini vacuum cleaner to aid in deep pore cleansing by drawing out dirt, impurities, and sebum.
suction machine
What machine is an automated device that helps achieve a more thorough cleansing or toning after extraction or suction, or can help remove a clay mask?
Spray machine
The Lucas Spray, also known as ____ ____ Spray, is a unique atomizer that allows for the application of various ____ to be applied to the skin in a very fine mist.
Electric Pulverizer Spray; herbs
When finished using the Electric Pulverizer Spray, what should you do before turning off the machine to keep the tube clear of debris?
Remove the plastic tube from the large beaker
What skin types is the Electric Pulverizer Spray suitable for refreshing, soothing, and toning?
All
What texture and speed for the Rotating Brush Machine is suitable for dry, sensitive skin?
Soft brush at slow speed
A ____ machine is used to achieve a light resurfacing of the epidermis.
microdermabrasion
What should you use to wipe down the facial bed after each use?
Approved disinfectant
The ____ ____ produces warm, moist heat at a comfortable temperature to soften the skin of the face and aid in deep product penetration.
electric mask
The ____ ____ is great for moisturizing the face and softening and liquefying sebum deposit.
electric mask
Electric treatment mittens and booties are electronically heated and slipped onto the hands and/or feet to help…
product penetrate more deeply into the skin.
Paraffin heating units are electric containers that melt blocks of paraffin wax for use in ____, ____, ____, and ____ treatments.
face, hand, foot, body
A ____ machine features a combination of different electrical units combined into one piece of equipment.
multifunction
What are specially designed heating containers that melt wax for hair removal?
Wax heating units
What are warm, moist towels used for?
removing product from the skin during face and body treatments
What keeps warm, moist towels ready for use throughout the day in the skin care treatment room?
Hot towel cabinet
A reusable device that breaks the flow of current when an overload occurs is called a(n)…
circuit breaker
A safety device called a three-wire system is also known as a(n)…
grounding wire
The piece of skin analysis equipment that allows things to be seen on the surface of the skin that would otherwise be invisible to the naked eye is the ___ ___.
magnifying lamp or loupe
A measurement of the degree of magnification is known as a(n) ___.
diopter
A type of skin analysis equipment that utilizes violet rays or black light is referred to as the ___ ___.
Wood’s Lamp
The elaborate magnifying mirror/light that incorporates a black light and allows the client to see their reflection is called a(n) ____.
dermascope or skin scope or skin scanner
The piece of equipment used to soften dead surface skin cells, expand pores, and increase product penetration by spraying vapor mist onto the surface of the skin is called a(n) ____.
steamer or vaporizer
The handheld appliance that performs superficial exfoliation is called the ___ ___.
rotating brush
The apparatus that acts like a miniature vacuum cleaner to help in deep pore cleansing is called the ___ ___.
suction machine
The automated spraying device that is also called an atomizer is referred to as the ___ ___.
spray machine
Facial equipment designed to feature a combination of different electrical units is referred to as a(n) ___ ___.
multi-function machine
The unique atomizer that allows for the application of various herbs, extracts, or astringents in a fine mist is called a(n) ___ ___.
Lucas Spray or Electric Pulverizer Spray
What step of the facial can be eliminated if suction is used?
massage
Which two electrodes create germicidal effects on the skin?
mushroom and horseshoe
Most electrodes (excluding the mushroom and horseshoe electrodes) promote, enhance, or increase ___ ___ over different areas of the face.
product penetration
Which type of electrode is used to increase product penetration into small, delicate areas of the face?
metal ball
Which type of electrode is used to promote product penetration in delicate lines and crevices of the face?
single or double-prong metal
Which type of electrode can enhance relaxation?
indirect or spiral
Which two electrodes are used to stimulate the scalp?
comb and rake
Which type of electrode is inactive and completes the flow of current in iontophoresis and desincrustation?
wrist
Which electrode increases product penetration in small, clogged areas and dissolves sebum?
tweezer or flat head
What are the two conditions that must exist for electrical current to be produced?
a source and a closed path must be present
Human contact with an electric current causes a(n) ____.
shock
Galvanic, High Frequency, Faradic, and Sinusoidal are 4 types of ____.
currents
What is the only constant direct current of low voltage and high amperage?
Galvanic
What term is used when electric current has opposite poles?
polarity
What piece of equipment is used in a dark room to provide light and magnification to determine skin type and condition?
Wood’s Lamp
Which of the following is an alternating current that is interrupted to produce a mechanical, non-chemical reaction?
Faradic Current
An alternating current that penetrates more deeply and can provide greater stimulation to the treated area than a Faradic Current is called ____ ____.
Sinusoidal Current
A form of thermal energy in which the transfer of heat is via liquid or gas is called _____.
convection
Which of the following machines uses a very aggressive exfoliating procedure that requires advanced training?
Microdermabrasion machine
Which of the following pieces of skin care equipment is an elaborate magnifying mirror/light that incorporates a black light and allows clients to see their reflection?
Dermascope
Skin is often analyzed under a skin scanner, magnifying lamp or…
Wood’s Lamp
With a Wood’s lamp, blue-white light indicates…
Normal, healthy skin
With a Wood’s lamp, bright fluorescent light indicates…
Hydrated skin
With a Wood’s lamp, light violet indicates…
Dehydrated skin
With a Wood’s lamp, purple fluorescent light indicates…
Thin, dehydrated skin
With a Wood’s lamp white spots indicate…
Horny layer of skin and dead cells
With a Wood’s lamp, white fluorescent light indicates…
Thick corneum layer
With a Wood’s lamp, yellow/pink/orange light indicates…
Oily areas and clogged pores
With a Wood’s lamp, brown indicates…
Pigmentation, dark spots, and sun damage
What indicates the number of electrons flowing through a particular line?
Amp rating
What indicates the resistance to the motion of the electrons through a conductor?
Ohm’s rating
Since a watt is a small unit of energy, power companies describe watt usage in…
kilowatt hours
What indicates that the appliance has been certified to operate safely under the conditions specified in the instructions?
Underwriter’s Laboratory
What changes a direct current to alternating current?
Converter
An electrical path that is broken is called a(n)…
Open circuit
A path on which the electricity leaves the source and operates an appliance is called a(n)…
closed path
Which type of shock passes through the nervous system?
General shock
Cataphoresis _____ and _____ the tissue.
tightens; firms
The process of breaking down blockages in the skin with an alkaline solution to open the pores and soften blockages is referred to as…
desincrustation
The process of forcing water-soluble acidic product into the skin to nourish deep layers of the epidermis is called ____.
iontophoresis
A gas generated close to the skin’s surface that has a germicidal, healing, and drying effect is ___ gas.
ozone
One benefit of Direct High Frequency current is the improvement of ___ ___.
blood circulation
During which type of treatment does the esthetician place both electrodes on the client’s skin making certain they never touch?
Direct Faradic method
Which treatment produces beneficial effects on the body through treatments using light rays or waves?
light therapy
Any infrared light produces ___.
heat
If an individual feels depressed when there are fewer hours of daylight, he or she may be experiencing…
Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)/ Northeast Winter Depression
Who needs to wear protective eyewear during light therapy treatments?
both client and esthetician
What types of tools does mechanical equipment utilize?
rotating brushes and massagers
During a High Frequency treatment, which electrode would the esthetician use on a client’s neck?
horseshoe electrode
What type of skin cells are sloughed off during superficial exfoliation?
dead skin cells
Which skin type is effectively treated by using paraffin?
dry skin
