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Esthetics > Ch. 4 Ecology: Microbiology > Flashcards

Ch. 4 Ecology: Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

the study of small living organisms called microbes

A

microbiology

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2
Q

microbiology

A

the study of small living organisms called microbes

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3
Q

Bacteria are ___-celled organisms.

A

one

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4
Q

Bacteria are also known as _____ or _____.

A

germs or microbes

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5
Q

pathogenic

A

disease-producing

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6
Q

nonpathogenic

A

nondisease-producing

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7
Q

Microbes can be transmitted from one client to another via _____ _____.

A

contaminated implements

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8
Q

nonpathogenic bacteria that live on dead matter

A

saprophytes

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9
Q

_____ is a process that kills microorganisms, invented by ____ ____.

A

Pasteurization; Louis Pasteur

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10
Q

the study of bacteria

A

bacteriology

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11
Q

cocci

A

spherical or round-shaped bacterial cells

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12
Q

spherical or round-shaped bacterial cells

A

cocci

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13
Q

Streptococci are ____-forming bacterial cells that have what form?

A

pus-forming; long chains

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14
Q

Septicemia, strep throat, rheumatic fever, and other serious infections are caused by which bacteria type?

A

streptococci

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15
Q

Staphylococci are ___-forming bacterial cells that have what form?

A

pus-forming; grape-like bunches or clusters

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16
Q

What bacteria type is present in abscesses, pustules, and boils?

A

staphylococci

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17
Q

Diplococci grow in what form?

A

pairs

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18
Q

What bacteria type causes pneumonia?

A

diplococci

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19
Q

What is the most common form of bacterial cells?

A

bacilli

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20
Q

What shape are bacilli?

A

bar or rod

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21
Q

What bacteria type can produce tetanus, bacterial influenza, typhoid fever, tuberculosis, and diphtheria?

A

bacilli

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22
Q

What shape are spirilla?

A

spiral, coil, corkscrew

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23
Q

What bacteria type causes contagious diseases like syphilis and cholera?

A

spirilla

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24
Q

What do bacteria do during the active stage?

A

reproduce and grow rapidly, splitting into 2 cells once its fully grown

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25
Q

What are favorable conditions for bacteria that can cause it to develop up to 16 million offspring in 12 hours?

A

dark, damp, dirty areas

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26
Q

What do bacteria do in the inactive stage when conditions become unfavorable?

A

die or create spherical spores resistant to infections, cold, and heat

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27
Q

Bacteria travel easily through ___ and ___.

A

air & water

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28
Q

Which two bacteria types can move by themselves and how?

A

bacilli & spirilla; hair-like projections called flagella or cilia that move in a wave-like motion

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29
Q

sub-microscopic infectious agent that replicates itself only within cells of living hosts

A

virus

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30
Q

Many viruses are (pathogenic/nonpathogenic)?

A

pathogenic

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31
Q

AIDS stands for ___ ___ ___ and is caused by ___.

A

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; HIV

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32
Q

What does AIDS do to the body?

A

interferes with body’s natural immune system and causes it to break down

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33
Q

HBV stands for ___ ___ ___ and is a highly infectious disease that affects the ___.

A

Hepatitis B Virus; liver

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34
Q

HBV is preventable through ___.

A

vaccination

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35
Q

organisms that grow and feed on other living organisms and are spread via improperly disinfected implements

A

external parasites

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36
Q

External parasites contribute ___ to the host and cause ___ diseases.

A

nothing; contagious

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37
Q

____ occurs when disease-causing bacteria or viruses enter the body and multiply to the point of interfering with the body’s normal state.

A

Infection

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38
Q

growth of a parasitic organism within the body

A

infection

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39
Q

Microorganisms that cause infection are referred to as ___.

A

pathogens

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40
Q

___ ___ are transmitted through the blood or body fluids.

A

Bloodborne pathogens

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41
Q

Contagious infections or communicable diseases are caused by ____ pathogens.

A

airborne

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42
Q

What are some common means of spreading infection in the skincare center?

A

contact with open sores, contaminated hands or implements; exposure to coughing, sneezing, unsanitary conditions, common drinking cups or towels; use of improperly disinfected facial beds

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43
Q

___ diseases cause infection and are communicable by ___ ___.

A

Contagious; casual contact

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44
Q

Why aren’t all infectious diseases contagious?

A

not all of them can be spread through casual contact

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45
Q

partially inherited, natural resistance to disease

A

natural immunity

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46
Q

occurs through vaccinations, which stimulates the body’s immune response

A

passive (acquired) immunity

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47
Q

efforts to prevent the spread of disease and kill microbes; prevention of the spread of infectious agents to you or your client

A

infection control

48
Q

asymptomatic carrier

A

person who carries disease-producing bacteria or viruses with no recognizable symptoms of the disease

49
Q

Universal Precautions

A

using consistent infection-control procedures for all clients

50
Q

Name the 3 levels of infection control from lowest to highest.

A

sanitation, disinfection, sterilization

51
Q

What are some general practices of infection control, also known as infection-control procedures?

A

hand washing, personal protective equipment, properly disinfecting all skin care implements and surfaces

52
Q

low-level destruction of surface bacteria

A

sanitation

53
Q

eliminates bacteria, viruses, and most organisms on inanimate, non-porous surfaces

A

disinfection

54
Q

eliminates all living organisms on non-porous surfaces, including bacterial spores

A

sterilization

55
Q

arrest or prevent the growth of microorganisms on the skin

A

antiseptic

56
Q

ability to produce results, effectiveness

A

efficacy

57
Q

OSHA’s Bloodborne Pathogen Standard should be followed for all implements that come in contact with ___ or ___ ___. It requires the use of what kind of disinfectant?

A

blood or body fluids; broad-spectrum EPA-registered disinfectant labelled as effective against HIV and HBV or tuberculocidal

58
Q

___ disinfectants do not eliminate bacterial spores.

A

Chemical

59
Q

EPA stands for Environmental Protection Agency. They approve the ___ of products used for ___ ___.

A

efficacy, infection control

60
Q

Semi-critical objects require a high level of ___ because they come in contact with ___ ___ or ___ ___.

A

disinfection; mucus membranes, broken skin

61
Q

uses high frequency waves to disinfect instruments or pre-clean; is 16 times more effective than hand scrubbing

A

ultrasonic cleaning machine

62
Q

OSHA stands for ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ and is the regulating agency that enforces safety and health standards in the workplace.

A

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

63
Q

MSDS stands for Material Safety Data Sheets and provide key information on a specific product regarding ___, associated ___, combustion levels, and ___ requirements.

A

ingredients, hazards, storage

64
Q

Where must MSDS be kept? Who must provide it?

A

in an easily-accessible file in the skin care center in case of emergency; manufacturer

65
Q

Critical objects require ___, because they come in contact with ___ ___ or the ___ system via puncturing or invading the skin.

A

sterile tissue, vascular

66
Q

Name 3 types of sterilization equipment.

A

UV Light Sterilizer, Autoclave, Chemiclave

67
Q

What kinds of products are used in sanitation?

A

appropriate cleaning products, antibacterial/ antimicrobial liquid soap, antiseptic

68
Q

What is the difference in disinfection products used on implements that have and have not come in contact with blood?

A

both require a broad-spectrum, EPA-registered disinfectant, but it must be effective against HIV and HBV or tuberculocidal if implement has come in contact with blood

69
Q

What kinds of products are used in sterilization?

A

liquid sterilant, or moist or dry heat sterilizer calibrated to specific temperatures

70
Q

What are the 4 basic steps in first aid for bleeding wounds?

A
  1. Cover wound, apply pressure.
  2. Elevate injured limb above heart.
  3. When bleeding stops, apply bandage.
  4. Never use a tourniquet.
71
Q

How can you avoid chemical burns?

A

wear protective gloves, perform a patch test

72
Q

What are the 4 steps in first aid for a chemical burn?

A
  1. Remove product with damp cotton (water or neutralizer).
  2. Apply several cold compresses for several minutes at a time.
  3. Cover burn loosely with a clean, lint-free, dry cloth, like a sheet.
  4. Refer injured person for medical treatment if necessary.
73
Q

What are 2 potential causes of heat burns in a skin care center?

A

hot wax, hot towels

74
Q

When performing first aid on a heat or electrical burn, do not ___ a blister or apply ___. Do not clean the wound or remove ___ ___.

A

break; ointment/ cream; embedded clothing

75
Q

What are potential causes of electrical burns in a skin care center?

A

faulty equipment, improper use of equipment

76
Q

What are the 4 basic steps of first aid for choking?

A
  1. Determine if victim can talk or cough.
  2. If they can’t speak or get enough air, have someone call 911.
  3. Stand behind victim and wrap arms around their stomach.
  4. Perform Heimlich Maneuver.
77
Q

What are the 3 basic steps of first aid for fainting?

A
  1. Turn victim onto their back and ensure they are getting enough air.
  2. If vomiting occurs, turn them on their side and keep the windpipe clear.
  3. When they regain consciousness, apply a cold compress to the face.
78
Q

What are the 3 basic steps of first aid for a cut, scratch, or embedded object in the eye?

A
  1. Place a gauze pad or cloth over both eyes and secure with bandage.
  2. Do not try to remove the embedded object.
  3. Get to an eye specialist or emergency room.
79
Q

What are the 3 basic steps of first aid for a chemical in the eye?

A
  1. Hold eyelids apart and flush with lukewarm water for at least 15-30 minutes.
  2. Place a gauze pad or cloth over both eyes and secure with bandage.
  3. Get to an eye specialist or emergency room.
80
Q

___ live on dead matter, do not produce disease, and are considered nonpathogenic bacteria.

A

Saprophytes

81
Q

Cocci appear singly or in groups and their shape is ___.

A

round

82
Q

Which is a common means of spreading infection?

A

coughing or sneezing

83
Q

How are the common cold and measles similar?

A

communicable

84
Q

What occurs when the circulatory system carries bacteria and their toxins to all parts of the body?

A

general infection

85
Q

A product ___ label describes what a product is effective in fighting against.

A

efficacy

86
Q

Where do you find key information on a specific product regarding ingredients, associated hazards, combustion levels, and storage requirements?

A

product MSDS

87
Q

At what level of infection control are all bacteria killed or destroyed?

A

sterilization

88
Q

the study of small organisms

A

microbiology

89
Q

Do saprophytes produce disease?

A

no

90
Q

Which type of bacterial cell is coiled and can cause highly contagious diseases?

A

spirilla

91
Q

How does the size of viruses compare to the size of bacteria?

A

much smaller

92
Q

Is strep throat caused by a bacteria or virus?

A

bacteria

93
Q

Plants or animals that live on or obtain nutrients from another organism are called ___ ___.

A

external parasites

94
Q

The OSHA Bloodborne Pathogen Standard requires the use of an EPA-registered tuberculocidal disinfectant or an EPA-registered disinfectant labeled as effective against ___ and ___.

A

HIV and HBV

95
Q

What is the regulating agency under the Department of Labor that enforces safety and health standards in the workplace?

A

OSHA

96
Q

What group approves the efficacy of disinfectants?

A

EPA

97
Q

Implements that come in contact with a client must be ___ or ___.

A

disinfected or discarded

98
Q

When disinfecting an implement, it is important to ___ the implement.

A

pre-clean

99
Q

When storing chemical disinfecting agents, it is important to remember it takes time to ___ ___.

A

destroy microbes

100
Q

What is the first step to take when exposed to a client’s blood during a procedure?

A

stop the service and wash your hands

101
Q

A bleeding wound should be treated by applying pressure with ___ and a ___ ___.

A

gauze, gloved hand

102
Q

What is the first action taken if you suspect someone is choking?

A

determine if the victim can talk or cough

103
Q

Spherical or round-shaped bacterial cells that appear singularly or in groups are called…

A

cocci

104
Q

A sub-microscopic infectious agent that replicates itself only within cells of living hosts is called a…

A

virus

105
Q

What is a highly infectious disease which affects the liver?

A

HBV

106
Q

What is a highly infectious disease that interferes with the body’s natural immune system?

A

AIDS

107
Q

Head lice, itch mites, ringworm, and nail fungus are all diseases caused by…

A

external parasites

108
Q

The growth of a parasitic organism within the body is known as…

A

infection

109
Q

A contagious, potentially fatal infection caused by airborne bacteria that first affects the lungs is called…

A

tuberculosis

110
Q

Products used to arrest or prevent the growth of microorganisms on the skin are called…

A

antiseptics

111
Q

Instruments can be pre-cleaned using…

A

high-frequency energy waves

112
Q

Key information proving helpful during an allergic reaction related to product usage can be found on the…

A

MSDS

113
Q

Why can’t sponges & disposable files be properly disinfected?

A

They are porous products.

114
Q

What machine uses UV light go kill bacteria in a dry setting?

A

UV light sterilizer

115
Q

What machine uses pressurized steam to sterilize critical implements?

A

Steam autoclave

116
Q

What machine sterilizes surgical instruments with high- pressure, high-temperature vapor?

A

Chemiclave

Esthetics (16 decks)

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