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Esthetics > Ch. 5: Anatomy - Test 1 > Flashcards

Ch. 5: Anatomy - Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy is the study of ___ and ___ of the body.

A

organs; systems

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2
Q

What are the 4 building blocks of the human body?

A

Cells, Tissues, Organs, Body Systems

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3
Q

What are the 10 basic body systems?

A

DR IM SCREEN: Digestive, Reproductive, Integumentary, Muscular, Skeletal, Circulatory, Respiratory, Endocrine, Excretory, Nervous

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4
Q

What is the primary function of the digestive system?

A

process nutrients and aid in eliminating waste

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5
Q

What is the primary function of the reproductive system?

A

generate new life

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6
Q

What is the primary function of the integumentary system?

A

protect whole body with skin and its layers

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7
Q

What is the primary function of the muscular system?

A

MAPS: Movement, Attachment, Protection, Support/ Shape

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8
Q

What is the primary function of the skeletal system?

A

physical foundation of the body

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9
Q

Bones are ___ mineral matter and ___ organic matter.

A

2/3 mineral; 1/3 organic

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10
Q

How many bones are in the human body?

A

206 bones

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11
Q

The study of bones is known as ____.

A

osteology

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12
Q

What is the primary function of the circulatory system?

A

circulate blood through the body

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13
Q

Blood first enters the ___ ___ of the heart via the ____

A

right atrium/ auricle; superior vena cava

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14
Q

Blood finally exits the heart from the ___ ___ via the ___.

A

left ventricle; aorta

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15
Q

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

A

maintain the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs and body tissues

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16
Q

What is the primary function of the endocrine system?

A

maintains the growth, reproductive system, and health of the body; directly affects the health of the hair and skin, as well as the body’s energy levels

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17
Q

What is the primary function of the excretory system?

A

eliminate solid, liquid, and gaseous waste from the body

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18
Q

As part of the excretory system, the skin releases pollutants via ____.

A

sweat

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19
Q

As part of the excretory system, the liver rids the body of ___ by converting it to ___ and sending it to the ___.

A

ammonia; urea; kidneys

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20
Q

As part of the excretory system, the urea from the kidneys is filtered through the ___, so that ___ can be reabsorbed into the blood.

A

nephrons; nutrients

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21
Q

What is the primary function of the nervous system?

A

super highway that carries messages to and from the body and brain

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22
Q

What is the difference between an organ and a body system?

A

A body system is a group of organs working together.

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23
Q

___ is the study of the organs and systems of the body.

A

Anatomy

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24
Q

What are the 3 main parts of a cell?

A

nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane

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25
Q

The ___ is the control center of a cell.

A

nucleus

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26
Q

What is the outer surface of a cell?

A

cell membrane

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27
Q

What is the production department of the cell?

A

cytoplasm

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28
Q

What are the 8 main organs of the body?

A

brain, eyes, heart, lungs, stomach and intestines, liver, kidneys, skin

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29
Q

What are the 5 types of tissue?

A

epithelial, connective, nerve, muscular, liquid

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30
Q

What is the primary function of epithelial tissue?

A

cover and protect

31
Q

What is the primary function of connective tissue?

A

connect

32
Q

What is the primary function of nerve tissue?

A

carry messages

33
Q

What is the primary function of muscular tissue?

A

contract to produce motion

34
Q

What is the primary function of liquid tissue?

A

carry waste out

35
Q

Why is it important to know and understand anatomy as an esthetician?

A

Many parts of anatomy are affected by massage and facial treatments. An esthetician needs to be able to speak professionally to clients.

36
Q

The heart is a ___-sized, ___-shaped, ___ organ in the ___ ___. It is a component of the ___ system.

A

fist-sized, cone-shaped, muscular organ in the chest cavity; circulatory system

37
Q

The brain weighs ___ to ___ oz and is composed of ___ tissue. It is a component of the ___ system.

A

44-48 oz; nerve tissue; nervous system

38
Q

The lungs are a component of the ___ system and aid in exchange of ___ and ___.

A

respiratory system; oxygen and carbon dioxide

39
Q

The stomach and intestines are part of the ___ system and aid in the processing of ___ and elimination of ____.

A

digestive system; nutrients, waste

40
Q

The liver is part of the ___ system. It rids the body of ___.

A

excretory system; ammonia

41
Q

The kidneys are a component of the ___ system. They help filter ___, allowing usable nutrients to be reabsorbed into the blood.

A

excretory system; urea

42
Q

The skin is part of the ___ system. It’s primary purpose is to ___ and ___. It has three primary ___.

A

integumentary system; cover and protect; layers

43
Q

What is the function of tissues?

A

cover, support, and protect the body; can carry waste or messages; can produce motion

44
Q

What is the function of organs?

A

perform specific functions within the body

45
Q

What is the function of body systems?

A

perform one or more vital functions for the body

46
Q

What is the function of cells?

A

form basic units of life

47
Q

Groups of cells of the same kind make up ___.

A

tissues

48
Q

What is the tissue that carries messages to and from the brain and coordinates body functions?

A

Nerve tissue

49
Q

What type of tissue contracts, when stimulated, to produce motion?

A

muscular

50
Q

Separate body structures that perform specific functions are ___.

A

organs

51
Q

A group of body organs that perform one or more vital body functions is called a ____.

A

system

52
Q

Which system is responsible for the process by which a living organism procreates?

A

reproductive

53
Q

What system breaks down food into simpler chemical compounds easily absorbed by cells or eliminated as waste?

A

digestive

54
Q

Which of the two main glands of the integumentary system is also known as the sweat glands?

A

sudoriferous glands

55
Q

The ____ is a muscular organ that separates the chest cavity from the abdomen.

A

diaphragm

56
Q

The ___ branch of the trifacial nerve goes to the lower third of the face.

A

mandibular

57
Q

___ nerves, also known as afferent nerves, carry messages to the brain and spinal cord.

A

Sensory

58
Q

Motor nerves, also known as ___ nerves, carry messages from the brain to the muscles.

A

efferent

59
Q

The ___ nervous system contains nerves that extend from the brain and spinal cord to the voluntary muscles and the surface of the skin.

A

peripheral

60
Q

The ___ is a prominent band of nerve tissue that connects other parts of the brain to the spinal cord.

A

pons

61
Q

Where are the common carotid arteries located?

A

either side of the neck

62
Q

Where do the common carotid arteries supply blood?

A

brain, eyes, forehead, skin & muscles of the head

63
Q

___ are small vessels that take nutrients and oxygen from arteries to cells and take waste from cells to veins.

A

Capillaries

64
Q

The ____ contracts and relaxes to force blood to move through the circulatory system.

A

pericardium

65
Q

The ___ is located above and in front of the ears. It opens and closes the jaw.

A

temporalis

66
Q

The ___ extends from the tip of the chin to the shoulders and chest. It depresses the lower jaw and lip.

A

platysma

67
Q

The ____ is located above the corners of the mouth. It raises the angle of the mouth.

A

caninus

68
Q

What muscle is located below the lower lip and pulls the lower lip down or to the side?

A

quadratus labii inferioris

69
Q

What muscle is located under the eyebrows and draws the brows in and downward?

A

corrugator

70
Q

What portion of a muscle is nonmoving or fixed and is attached to bones or another fixed muscle?

A

origin

71
Q

The ___ raises eyebrows or draws the scalp forward.

A

frontalis

72
Q

During the ___ phase of metabolism, the body stores water, food, and oxygen.

A

anabolism

73
Q

___ is a colorless, gel-like substance that contains water, salt, and nutrients from food.

A

Protoplasm

74
Q

The ___ nerve, or the 11th cranial nerve, is a motor nerve that controls the motion of neck muscles.

A

accessory

Esthetics (16 decks)

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