Ch. 5: Anatomy - Test 1 Flashcards
Anatomy is the study of ___ and ___ of the body.
organs; systems
What are the 4 building blocks of the human body?
Cells, Tissues, Organs, Body Systems
What are the 10 basic body systems?
DR IM SCREEN: Digestive, Reproductive, Integumentary, Muscular, Skeletal, Circulatory, Respiratory, Endocrine, Excretory, Nervous
What is the primary function of the digestive system?
process nutrients and aid in eliminating waste
What is the primary function of the reproductive system?
generate new life
What is the primary function of the integumentary system?
protect whole body with skin and its layers
What is the primary function of the muscular system?
MAPS: Movement, Attachment, Protection, Support/ Shape
What is the primary function of the skeletal system?
physical foundation of the body
Bones are ___ mineral matter and ___ organic matter.
2/3 mineral; 1/3 organic
How many bones are in the human body?
206 bones
The study of bones is known as ____.
osteology
What is the primary function of the circulatory system?
circulate blood through the body
Blood first enters the ___ ___ of the heart via the ____
right atrium/ auricle; superior vena cava
Blood finally exits the heart from the ___ ___ via the ___.
left ventricle; aorta
What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
maintain the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs and body tissues
What is the primary function of the endocrine system?
maintains the growth, reproductive system, and health of the body; directly affects the health of the hair and skin, as well as the body’s energy levels
What is the primary function of the excretory system?
eliminate solid, liquid, and gaseous waste from the body
As part of the excretory system, the skin releases pollutants via ____.
sweat
As part of the excretory system, the liver rids the body of ___ by converting it to ___ and sending it to the ___.
ammonia; urea; kidneys
As part of the excretory system, the urea from the kidneys is filtered through the ___, so that ___ can be reabsorbed into the blood.
nephrons; nutrients
What is the primary function of the nervous system?
super highway that carries messages to and from the body and brain
What is the difference between an organ and a body system?
A body system is a group of organs working together.
___ is the study of the organs and systems of the body.
Anatomy
What are the 3 main parts of a cell?
nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane
The ___ is the control center of a cell.
nucleus
What is the outer surface of a cell?
cell membrane
What is the production department of the cell?
cytoplasm
What are the 8 main organs of the body?
brain, eyes, heart, lungs, stomach and intestines, liver, kidneys, skin
What are the 5 types of tissue?
epithelial, connective, nerve, muscular, liquid
What is the primary function of epithelial tissue?
cover and protect
What is the primary function of connective tissue?
connect
What is the primary function of nerve tissue?
carry messages
What is the primary function of muscular tissue?
contract to produce motion
What is the primary function of liquid tissue?
carry waste out
Why is it important to know and understand anatomy as an esthetician?
Many parts of anatomy are affected by massage and facial treatments. An esthetician needs to be able to speak professionally to clients.
The heart is a ___-sized, ___-shaped, ___ organ in the ___ ___. It is a component of the ___ system.
fist-sized, cone-shaped, muscular organ in the chest cavity; circulatory system
The brain weighs ___ to ___ oz and is composed of ___ tissue. It is a component of the ___ system.
44-48 oz; nerve tissue; nervous system
The lungs are a component of the ___ system and aid in exchange of ___ and ___.
respiratory system; oxygen and carbon dioxide
The stomach and intestines are part of the ___ system and aid in the processing of ___ and elimination of ____.
digestive system; nutrients, waste
The liver is part of the ___ system. It rids the body of ___.
excretory system; ammonia
The kidneys are a component of the ___ system. They help filter ___, allowing usable nutrients to be reabsorbed into the blood.
excretory system; urea
The skin is part of the ___ system. It’s primary purpose is to ___ and ___. It has three primary ___.
integumentary system; cover and protect; layers
What is the function of tissues?
cover, support, and protect the body; can carry waste or messages; can produce motion
What is the function of organs?
perform specific functions within the body
What is the function of body systems?
perform one or more vital functions for the body
What is the function of cells?
form basic units of life
Groups of cells of the same kind make up ___.
tissues
What is the tissue that carries messages to and from the brain and coordinates body functions?
Nerve tissue
What type of tissue contracts, when stimulated, to produce motion?
muscular
Separate body structures that perform specific functions are ___.
organs
A group of body organs that perform one or more vital body functions is called a ____.
system
Which system is responsible for the process by which a living organism procreates?
reproductive
What system breaks down food into simpler chemical compounds easily absorbed by cells or eliminated as waste?
digestive
Which of the two main glands of the integumentary system is also known as the sweat glands?
sudoriferous glands
The ____ is a muscular organ that separates the chest cavity from the abdomen.
diaphragm
The ___ branch of the trifacial nerve goes to the lower third of the face.
mandibular
___ nerves, also known as afferent nerves, carry messages to the brain and spinal cord.
Sensory
Motor nerves, also known as ___ nerves, carry messages from the brain to the muscles.
efferent
The ___ nervous system contains nerves that extend from the brain and spinal cord to the voluntary muscles and the surface of the skin.
peripheral
The ___ is a prominent band of nerve tissue that connects other parts of the brain to the spinal cord.
pons
Where are the common carotid arteries located?
either side of the neck
Where do the common carotid arteries supply blood?
brain, eyes, forehead, skin & muscles of the head
___ are small vessels that take nutrients and oxygen from arteries to cells and take waste from cells to veins.
Capillaries
The ____ contracts and relaxes to force blood to move through the circulatory system.
pericardium
The ___ is located above and in front of the ears. It opens and closes the jaw.
temporalis
The ___ extends from the tip of the chin to the shoulders and chest. It depresses the lower jaw and lip.
platysma
The ____ is located above the corners of the mouth. It raises the angle of the mouth.
caninus
What muscle is located below the lower lip and pulls the lower lip down or to the side?
quadratus labii inferioris
What muscle is located under the eyebrows and draws the brows in and downward?
corrugator
What portion of a muscle is nonmoving or fixed and is attached to bones or another fixed muscle?
origin
The ___ raises eyebrows or draws the scalp forward.
frontalis
During the ___ phase of metabolism, the body stores water, food, and oxygen.
anabolism
___ is a colorless, gel-like substance that contains water, salt, and nutrients from food.
Protoplasm
The ___ nerve, or the 11th cranial nerve, is a motor nerve that controls the motion of neck muscles.
accessory
