Ch. 5: Anatomy - Skeletal & Muscular Flashcards
What encloses and protects the brain and primary sensory organs?
skull
How many bones make up the cranium?
8
Of the 14 bones that make up the facial skeleton, how many are involved in facial massage?
9
The largest bone of the facial skeleton is the lower jar, also known as the ____.
mandible
What is the U-shaped bone located in the throat, sometimes called the “Adam’s apple” called?
hyoid
The bone that forms the area from the throat to the shoulder is known as the collarbone or ___.
clavicle
What is the largest bone of the upper arm?
humerus
The 14 bones that form the digits, or fingers, are called ___.
phalanges
Which of the following is the study of the structure, function, and diseases of the muscles?
myology
What type of muscle tissue responds automatically to control various body functions of internal organs?
involuntary or non-striated
Which part of a muscle is non-moving (fixed) and attached to bones or other non-moving muscles?
origin
What is the midsection of the muscle called?
belly
in front of
anterior
located below or is smaller
inferior
Muscles are attached at both end by either ___ and ___.
bone or another muscle
What is the name for the bands of fibrous tissue that attach muscle to bones?
tendons
What are dense, strong bands of fibrous tissue that connect bones to each other called?
ligaments
What is the broad muscle that covers the scalp?
epicranius
Bones are composed of ____ mineral matter and ____ organic matter.
2/3 mineral, 1/3 organic
the bony cage composed of the spine, sternum, & 12 ribs
thorax
study of bones
osteology
Study of structure, function, and diseases of muscles
myology
What is the function of the cranium?
encloses and protects the brain and primary secondary organs
What is the function of the thorax?
encloses and protects the heart, lungs, and other internal organs
What is the “kissing muscle?”
oris orbicularis
posterior
back
superioris
located above or larger than
inferioris
located below or smaller than
levator
lifts up
depressor
draws down or depresses
dialator
opens, enlarges, expands
The epicranium is also known as the ___.
scalp
The spine is made up of ___ vertebrae.
thoracic
The hyoid is also known as the ___ ___.
Adam’s apple
How many bones are there?
206
What are the 3 types of bones?
flat, long, irregular
What is the hardest structure of the body?
bone
What bone forms the forehead?
frontal
What bones form the crown and upper sides of the head?
parietal
What bone forms the back of the skull and indents above the nape of the neck?
occipital
What bone connects all the cranium bones?
sphenoid
What is the spongy bone between the eyes that forms the nasal cavity?
ethmoid
What bones form the sides of the head and are located below the parietal bones?
temporal
What are the bones that form the upper jaw?
maxillae
What bones form the upper cheek and bottom of the eye socket?
zygomatic
What are the smallest facial bones, which form the inner bottom wall of the eye socket?
lacrimal
What bones join to form the bridge of the nose?
nasal
What type of bone are the plate-shaped bones in the skull?
Flat
What is the facial skeleton called that encloses and protects the brain and primary sensory organs?
Skull
What is the name for the 7 bones that form the top part of the spinal column?
Cervical vertebrae
What is made up of the spine, sternum, and 12 ribs?
Thorax
What are the 14 bones that form the fingers called?
Phalanges
What are the muscles that cause the thumb to move toward the fingers, giving the ability to grasp or make a fist?
Opponens
What hand muscles separate the fingers?
Abductor
What is the muscle located mid-forearm that bends the wrist and closes the fingers?
Flexor ulnaris
What is the muscle that turns up the palm of the hand?
Supinator
What muscle causes the head to move from side to side and up and down?
Sternocleido mastoideus
What is the mastication muscle that is located above and in front of the ear and both opens and closes the jaw?
Temporalis
The muscle responsible for compressing the cheek to release air outwardly is the ____.
Buccinator
What muscle is located outside the corners of the mouth and draws the mouth up and back, as in laughing?
Zygomaticus
Which muscle draws brows down and wrinkles the area across the bridge of the nose?
Procerus
What muscle is located at the nape of the neck and draws the scalp back?
Occipitalis
What is the broad muscle that covers the scalp?
Epicranius
Muscles affected by massage are generally manipulated from the ___ to the ___.
insertion to the origin
What are the bands of fibrous tissue that attach the muscle to the bones?
Tendons
What are the 3 parts of a muscle?
Origin, belly, insertion
What muscles respond automatically to control various body functions?
Involuntary/ non-striated
Which muscles respond to conscious commands?
Voluntary/ striated
What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?
Voluntary/ striated, involuntary/ non-striated, cardiac
What term is used to describe a muscle’s function that means “to lift up?”
Levator
The muscular organ that contracts and expands, forcing air into and out of the lungs is called the ___.
Diaphragm
