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Esthetics > Ch. 5: Anatomy - Skeletal & Muscular > Flashcards

Ch. 5: Anatomy - Skeletal & Muscular Flashcards

1
Q

What encloses and protects the brain and primary sensory organs?

A

skull

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2
Q

How many bones make up the cranium?

A

8

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3
Q

Of the 14 bones that make up the facial skeleton, how many are involved in facial massage?

A

9

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4
Q

The largest bone of the facial skeleton is the lower jar, also known as the ____.

A

mandible

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5
Q

What is the U-shaped bone located in the throat, sometimes called the “Adam’s apple” called?

A

hyoid

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6
Q

The bone that forms the area from the throat to the shoulder is known as the collarbone or ___.

A

clavicle

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7
Q

What is the largest bone of the upper arm?

A

humerus

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8
Q

The 14 bones that form the digits, or fingers, are called ___.

A

phalanges

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9
Q

Which of the following is the study of the structure, function, and diseases of the muscles?

A

myology

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10
Q

What type of muscle tissue responds automatically to control various body functions of internal organs?

A

involuntary or non-striated

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11
Q

Which part of a muscle is non-moving (fixed) and attached to bones or other non-moving muscles?

A

origin

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12
Q

What is the midsection of the muscle called?

A

belly

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13
Q

in front of

A

anterior

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14
Q

located below or is smaller

A

inferior

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15
Q

Muscles are attached at both end by either ___ and ___.

A

bone or another muscle

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16
Q

What is the name for the bands of fibrous tissue that attach muscle to bones?

A

tendons

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17
Q

What are dense, strong bands of fibrous tissue that connect bones to each other called?

A

ligaments

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18
Q

What is the broad muscle that covers the scalp?

A

epicranius

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19
Q

Bones are composed of ____ mineral matter and ____ organic matter.

A

2/3 mineral, 1/3 organic

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20
Q

the bony cage composed of the spine, sternum, & 12 ribs

A

thorax

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21
Q

study of bones

A

osteology

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22
Q

Study of structure, function, and diseases of muscles

A

myology

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23
Q

What is the function of the cranium?

A

encloses and protects the brain and primary secondary organs

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24
Q

What is the function of the thorax?

A

encloses and protects the heart, lungs, and other internal organs

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25
Q

What is the “kissing muscle?”

A

oris orbicularis

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26
Q

posterior

A

back

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27
Q

superioris

A

located above or larger than

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28
Q

inferioris

A

located below or smaller than

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29
Q

levator

A

lifts up

30
Q

depressor

A

draws down or depresses

31
Q

dialator

A

opens, enlarges, expands

32
Q

The epicranium is also known as the ___.

A

scalp

33
Q

The spine is made up of ___ vertebrae.

A

thoracic

34
Q

The hyoid is also known as the ___ ___.

A

Adam’s apple

35
Q

How many bones are there?

A

206

36
Q

What are the 3 types of bones?

A

flat, long, irregular

37
Q

What is the hardest structure of the body?

A

bone

38
Q

What bone forms the forehead?

A

frontal

39
Q

What bones form the crown and upper sides of the head?

A

parietal

40
Q

What bone forms the back of the skull and indents above the nape of the neck?

A

occipital

41
Q

What bone connects all the cranium bones?

A

sphenoid

42
Q

What is the spongy bone between the eyes that forms the nasal cavity?

A

ethmoid

43
Q

What bones form the sides of the head and are located below the parietal bones?

A

temporal

44
Q

What are the bones that form the upper jaw?

A

maxillae

45
Q

What bones form the upper cheek and bottom of the eye socket?

A

zygomatic

46
Q

What are the smallest facial bones, which form the inner bottom wall of the eye socket?

A

lacrimal

47
Q

What bones join to form the bridge of the nose?

A

nasal

48
Q

What type of bone are the plate-shaped bones in the skull?

A

Flat

49
Q

What is the facial skeleton called that encloses and protects the brain and primary sensory organs?

A

Skull

50
Q

What is the name for the 7 bones that form the top part of the spinal column?

A

Cervical vertebrae

51
Q

What is made up of the spine, sternum, and 12 ribs?

A

Thorax

52
Q

What are the 14 bones that form the fingers called?

A

Phalanges

53
Q

What are the muscles that cause the thumb to move toward the fingers, giving the ability to grasp or make a fist?

A

Opponens

54
Q

What hand muscles separate the fingers?

A

Abductor

55
Q

What is the muscle located mid-forearm that bends the wrist and closes the fingers?

A

Flexor ulnaris

56
Q

What is the muscle that turns up the palm of the hand?

A

Supinator

57
Q

What muscle causes the head to move from side to side and up and down?

A

Sternocleido mastoideus

58
Q

What is the mastication muscle that is located above and in front of the ear and both opens and closes the jaw?

A

Temporalis

59
Q

The muscle responsible for compressing the cheek to release air outwardly is the ____.

A

Buccinator

60
Q

What muscle is located outside the corners of the mouth and draws the mouth up and back, as in laughing?

A

Zygomaticus

61
Q

Which muscle draws brows down and wrinkles the area across the bridge of the nose?

A

Procerus

62
Q

What muscle is located at the nape of the neck and draws the scalp back?

A

Occipitalis

63
Q

What is the broad muscle that covers the scalp?

A

Epicranius

64
Q

Muscles affected by massage are generally manipulated from the ___ to the ___.

A

insertion to the origin

65
Q

What are the bands of fibrous tissue that attach the muscle to the bones?

A

Tendons

66
Q

What are the 3 parts of a muscle?

A

Origin, belly, insertion

67
Q

What muscles respond automatically to control various body functions?

A

Involuntary/ non-striated

68
Q

Which muscles respond to conscious commands?

A

Voluntary/ striated

69
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?

A

Voluntary/ striated, involuntary/ non-striated, cardiac

70
Q

What term is used to describe a muscle’s function that means “to lift up?”

A

Levator

71
Q

The muscular organ that contracts and expands, forcing air into and out of the lungs is called the ___.

A

Diaphragm

Esthetics (16 decks)

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