Ch. 5: Anatomy - In Depth Flashcards
What is the process by which cells reproduce (dividing in half) called?
mitosis
A body’s metabolic rate or speed is dependent upon ___, ___, ___.
exercise, eating habits, hereditary factors
What is the process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones?
anabolism
The upper chest area is known as the ___.
décolleté
in front of
anterior
located below or is smaller
inferioris
What is the function of lymph?
Increases nutrients in the blood
Red blood cells are also known as ___.
Erythrocytes
What is carried by red blood cells?
Oxygen and hemoglobin
What is responsible for the clotting of blood?
Thrombocytes
Tubular, elastic, thick-walled branching vessels that carry pure blood throughout the body are called ____.
arteries
Which nervous system is responsible for all voluntary body action?
Central Nervous System
What are the structures that receive the messages sent to the nerve cell called?
Dendrites
What controls all 3 subsystems of the nervous system?
Brain
What is the portion of the brain responsible for motor function, muscle movement, and balance?
Cerebellum
Which type of nerve determines our senses of smell, sight, touch, hearing, and taste?
Sensory nerves
How many pairs of nerves originate in the brain?
12
What continues to break down food once it has entered the stomach?
Hydrochloric acid
Where does the undigested food pass for eventual elimination?
Colon
What is the function of the excretory system?
Eliminates solid, liquid, and gaseous waste from the body?
The muscular organ that contracts and expands, forcing air into and out of the lungs is called the ___.
Diaphragm
What is the conducting pathway through which air flows?
Trachea
Chemical substances manufactured by the glands of the endocrine system are called ___.
Hormones
What are the 2 primary glands of the integumentary system?
Sebaceous and sudoriferous
the study of the functions organs and systems perform
physiology
____ is the chemical process in which cells receive nutrients for growth and reproduction
Metabolism
The cardiovascular or blood vascular system includes the heart, arteries, veins, and ____.
capillaries
How much blood in average adult?
8-10 pints
Tubular, elastic, thin-walled branching vessels that carry impure blood from capillaries to heart are called ____.
veins
Which portion of the brain is responsible for thought, emotion, and memory?
Cerebrum
What delivers air directly to the lungs?
Bronchi
How many primary organs?
8
How long does it take to complete digestion?
9 hours
Human cells reproduce in a process known as ___.
mitosis
Study of nervous system
Neurology
Study of skin
Dermatology
Study of structures too small to be seen except with a microscope
Histology or microscopic anatomy
What is the normal heart rate for an adult?
60 - 100 beats per minute
Thrombocytes are also known as ___ ___.
blood platelets
Leucocytes are also known as ___ ___ ___.
white blood cells
Erythrocytes are also known as ___ ___ ___.
red blood cells
What is the “kissing muscle?”
oris orbicularis
posterior
back
superioris
located above or larger than
inferioris
located below or smaller than
levator
lifts up
depressor
draws down or depresses
dialator
opens, enlarges, expands
Afferent nerves are also known as ___ nerves.
sensory
Efferent nerves are also known as ___ nerves.
motor
The trigeminal nerve is also known as the ___ nerve.
trifacial
What phase of metabolism causes a release of energy within the cell?
Catabolism
What is the system that controls the circulation of the blood and lymph through the body?
Circulatory
The heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries are all part of the ____.
cardiovascular system
What membrane entirely encases the heart?
Pericardium
What are the lower chambers of the heart?
Right and left ventricle
Which cells fight bacteria and other foreign substances and increase in number when infection invades the body?
White blood cells
What starts the process of coagulation?
Thrombocytes
What is the fluid part of the blood in which red and white blood cells and blood platelets are suspended?
Plasma
What are the blood vessels responsible for carrying oxygenated blood away from the heart through the body?
Arteries
What is the process of blood traveling from the heart throughout the body and back to the heart?
Systemic circulation
What artery supplies blood to the brain, eyes, and forehead?
Internal carotid
Through what two veins does all the blood from the head, face, and neck return?
Internal and external jugular
How can you help prevent varicose veins?
Wear support hose and correctly sized shoes
What facial artery supplies blood to the lower portion of the face?
External maxillary
What acts as a barrier to infection from one part of the body to another?
Lymph nodes
What system coordinates and controls the overall operation of the human body by responding to both internal and external stimuli?
Nervous system
What controls all 3 subsystems of the nervous system?
Brain
What is the most vital part of the brain that contains centers that control breathing and heart function?
Medulla oblongata
What are the 3 primary components of the nervous system?
Brain, spinal cord, nerves
Which nervous system is composed of the brain and spinal cord?
Central nervous system
What system carries sensory information sent to the brain by the ears, eyes, nose, and tongue?
Peripheral nervous system
What system is responsible for all involuntary body functions?
Autonomic nervous system
The subsystem of the autonomic system that slows the heart rate, dilates the blood vessels, and lowers the blood pressure is the ___ ___ ___.
Parasympathetic nervous system
What is homeostasis?
The body’s state of balance
What are the long thread-like fibers extending from a nerve cell?
Axons
What is responsible for sending messages in the form of electrical nerve impulses?
Nerve terminals
What is the interaction of sensory and motor nerves?
Reflex action
What type of nerves carry messages from the brain to the muscles and cause a muscle to react?
Motor
What type of nerve performs both sensory and motor functions?
Mixed
What are nerve cells that react to outside stimulation by sending a sensory message to the brain?
Receptors
What is the eleventh cranial nerve that controls the motion of neck muscles?
Accessory nerve
What is the chief sensory nerve of the face responsible for transmitting facial sensations to the brain and for controlling the muscle movements of chewing?
Trifacial nerve
What are the 3 main branches of the trifacial nerve?
Maxillary, ophthalmic, mandibular
What is the main nerve branch to the top 1/3 of the face?
Ophthalmic branch
What nerve extends to the side of the forehead, temple, and upper part of the cheek?
Zygomatic
What system is responsible for all involuntary body functions, such as breathing and digesting?
Autonomic Nervous System
What delivers air directly to the lungs?
Bronchi
What portion of the brain is responsible for thought, emotion, and memory?
Cerebrum
What nerve extends to the ear and to the area from the top of the head to the temple?
auriculo temporal
What is the seventh cranial nerve, the primary motor nerve of the face, called?
facial nerve
What branch of the facial nerve extends to the muscles on the side of the neck?
cervical
What branch of the facial nerve extends to the muscles of the temple, the side of the forehead, the eyebrow, eyelid, and upper cheek?
temporal
What nerve of the arm extends down the thumb side of the arm into the back of the hand?
radial
What is secreted by the salivary glands to break down food?
enzymes
What is the system that eliminates solid, liquid, and gaseous waste products from the body?
excretory
What organ converts and neutralizes ammonia from the circulatory system to urea?
liver
What is a carefully balanced mechanism that directly affects hair growth, skin conditions, and energy levels?
endocrine system
The skin and its layers make up the ___ system.
integumentary
The two primary glands of the integumentary system are the ____ glands and the ____ glands.
sebaceous, sudoriferous
