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Esthetics > Ch. 5: Anatomy - In Depth > Flashcards

Ch. 5: Anatomy - In Depth Flashcards

1
Q

What is the process by which cells reproduce (dividing in half) called?

A

mitosis

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2
Q

A body’s metabolic rate or speed is dependent upon ___, ___, ___.

A

exercise, eating habits, hereditary factors

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3
Q

What is the process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones?

A

anabolism

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4
Q

The upper chest area is known as the ___.

A

décolleté

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5
Q

in front of

A

anterior

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6
Q

located below or is smaller

A

inferioris

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7
Q

What is the function of lymph?

A

Increases nutrients in the blood

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8
Q

Red blood cells are also known as ___.

A

Erythrocytes

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9
Q

What is carried by red blood cells?

A

Oxygen and hemoglobin

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10
Q

What is responsible for the clotting of blood?

A

Thrombocytes

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11
Q

Tubular, elastic, thick-walled branching vessels that carry pure blood throughout the body are called ____.

A

arteries

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12
Q

Which nervous system is responsible for all voluntary body action?

A

Central Nervous System

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13
Q

What are the structures that receive the messages sent to the nerve cell called?

A

Dendrites

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14
Q

What controls all 3 subsystems of the nervous system?

A

Brain

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15
Q

What is the portion of the brain responsible for motor function, muscle movement, and balance?

A

Cerebellum

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16
Q

Which type of nerve determines our senses of smell, sight, touch, hearing, and taste?

A

Sensory nerves

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17
Q

How many pairs of nerves originate in the brain?

A

12

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18
Q

What continues to break down food once it has entered the stomach?

A

Hydrochloric acid

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19
Q

Where does the undigested food pass for eventual elimination?

A

Colon

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20
Q

What is the function of the excretory system?

A

Eliminates solid, liquid, and gaseous waste from the body?

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21
Q

The muscular organ that contracts and expands, forcing air into and out of the lungs is called the ___.

A

Diaphragm

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22
Q

What is the conducting pathway through which air flows?

A

Trachea

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23
Q

Chemical substances manufactured by the glands of the endocrine system are called ___.

A

Hormones

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24
Q

What are the 2 primary glands of the integumentary system?

A

Sebaceous and sudoriferous

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25
Q

the study of the functions organs and systems perform

A

physiology

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26
Q

____ is the chemical process in which cells receive nutrients for growth and reproduction

A

Metabolism

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27
Q

The cardiovascular or blood vascular system includes the heart, arteries, veins, and ____.

A

capillaries

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28
Q

How much blood in average adult?

A

8-10 pints

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29
Q

Tubular, elastic, thin-walled branching vessels that carry impure blood from capillaries to heart are called ____.

A

veins

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30
Q

Which portion of the brain is responsible for thought, emotion, and memory?

A

Cerebrum

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31
Q

What delivers air directly to the lungs?

A

Bronchi

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32
Q

How many primary organs?

A

8

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33
Q

How long does it take to complete digestion?

A

9 hours

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34
Q

Human cells reproduce in a process known as ___.

A

mitosis

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35
Q

Study of nervous system

A

Neurology

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36
Q

Study of skin

A

Dermatology

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37
Q

Study of structures too small to be seen except with a microscope

A

Histology or microscopic anatomy

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38
Q

What is the normal heart rate for an adult?

A

60 - 100 beats per minute

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39
Q

Thrombocytes are also known as ___ ___.

A

blood platelets

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40
Q

Leucocytes are also known as ___ ___ ___.

A

white blood cells

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41
Q

Erythrocytes are also known as ___ ___ ___.

A

red blood cells

42
Q

What is the “kissing muscle?”

A

oris orbicularis

43
Q

posterior

A

back

44
Q

superioris

A

located above or larger than

45
Q

inferioris

A

located below or smaller than

46
Q

levator

A

lifts up

47
Q

depressor

A

draws down or depresses

48
Q

dialator

A

opens, enlarges, expands

49
Q

Afferent nerves are also known as ___ nerves.

A

sensory

50
Q

Efferent nerves are also known as ___ nerves.

A

motor

51
Q

The trigeminal nerve is also known as the ___ nerve.

A

trifacial

52
Q

What phase of metabolism causes a release of energy within the cell?

A

Catabolism

53
Q

What is the system that controls the circulation of the blood and lymph through the body?

A

Circulatory

54
Q

The heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries are all part of the ____.

A

cardiovascular system

55
Q

What membrane entirely encases the heart?

A

Pericardium

56
Q

What are the lower chambers of the heart?

A

Right and left ventricle

57
Q

Which cells fight bacteria and other foreign substances and increase in number when infection invades the body?

A

White blood cells

58
Q

What starts the process of coagulation?

A

Thrombocytes

59
Q

What is the fluid part of the blood in which red and white blood cells and blood platelets are suspended?

A

Plasma

60
Q

What are the blood vessels responsible for carrying oxygenated blood away from the heart through the body?

A

Arteries

61
Q

What is the process of blood traveling from the heart throughout the body and back to the heart?

A

Systemic circulation

62
Q

What artery supplies blood to the brain, eyes, and forehead?

A

Internal carotid

63
Q

Through what two veins does all the blood from the head, face, and neck return?

A

Internal and external jugular

64
Q

How can you help prevent varicose veins?

A

Wear support hose and correctly sized shoes

65
Q

What facial artery supplies blood to the lower portion of the face?

A

External maxillary

66
Q

What acts as a barrier to infection from one part of the body to another?

A

Lymph nodes

67
Q

What system coordinates and controls the overall operation of the human body by responding to both internal and external stimuli?

A

Nervous system

68
Q

What controls all 3 subsystems of the nervous system?

A

Brain

69
Q

What is the most vital part of the brain that contains centers that control breathing and heart function?

A

Medulla oblongata

70
Q

What are the 3 primary components of the nervous system?

A

Brain, spinal cord, nerves

71
Q

Which nervous system is composed of the brain and spinal cord?

A

Central nervous system

72
Q

What system carries sensory information sent to the brain by the ears, eyes, nose, and tongue?

A

Peripheral nervous system

73
Q

What system is responsible for all involuntary body functions?

A

Autonomic nervous system

74
Q

The subsystem of the autonomic system that slows the heart rate, dilates the blood vessels, and lowers the blood pressure is the ___ ___ ___.

A

Parasympathetic nervous system

75
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

The body’s state of balance

76
Q

What are the long thread-like fibers extending from a nerve cell?

A

Axons

77
Q

What is responsible for sending messages in the form of electrical nerve impulses?

A

Nerve terminals

78
Q

What is the interaction of sensory and motor nerves?

A

Reflex action

79
Q

What type of nerves carry messages from the brain to the muscles and cause a muscle to react?

A

Motor

80
Q

What type of nerve performs both sensory and motor functions?

A

Mixed

81
Q

What are nerve cells that react to outside stimulation by sending a sensory message to the brain?

A

Receptors

82
Q

What is the eleventh cranial nerve that controls the motion of neck muscles?

A

Accessory nerve

83
Q

What is the chief sensory nerve of the face responsible for transmitting facial sensations to the brain and for controlling the muscle movements of chewing?

A

Trifacial nerve

84
Q

What are the 3 main branches of the trifacial nerve?

A

Maxillary, ophthalmic, mandibular

85
Q

What is the main nerve branch to the top 1/3 of the face?

A

Ophthalmic branch

86
Q

What nerve extends to the side of the forehead, temple, and upper part of the cheek?

A

Zygomatic

87
Q

What system is responsible for all involuntary body functions, such as breathing and digesting?

A

Autonomic Nervous System

88
Q

What delivers air directly to the lungs?

A

Bronchi

89
Q

What portion of the brain is responsible for thought, emotion, and memory?

A

Cerebrum

90
Q

What nerve extends to the ear and to the area from the top of the head to the temple?

A

auriculo temporal

91
Q

What is the seventh cranial nerve, the primary motor nerve of the face, called?

A

facial nerve

92
Q

What branch of the facial nerve extends to the muscles on the side of the neck?

A

cervical

93
Q

What branch of the facial nerve extends to the muscles of the temple, the side of the forehead, the eyebrow, eyelid, and upper cheek?

A

temporal

94
Q

What nerve of the arm extends down the thumb side of the arm into the back of the hand?

A

radial

95
Q

What is secreted by the salivary glands to break down food?

A

enzymes

96
Q

What is the system that eliminates solid, liquid, and gaseous waste products from the body?

A

excretory

97
Q

What organ converts and neutralizes ammonia from the circulatory system to urea?

A

liver

98
Q

What is a carefully balanced mechanism that directly affects hair growth, skin conditions, and energy levels?

A

endocrine system

99
Q

The skin and its layers make up the ___ system.

A

integumentary

100
Q

The two primary glands of the integumentary system are the ____ glands and the ____ glands.

A

sebaceous, sudoriferous

Esthetics (16 decks)

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