ch 4 - cross cultural caring and aging Flashcards
learned values, beliefs, expectations, and often religion, and behaviors, of a group of people
culture
cultural beliefs passed down from one generation to another
enculturation
a process where persons from one culture adapt to another culture
acculturation
existence of more than one group with differing values
and perspectives
cultural diversity
6 ethno-racial groups found in US
- african american
- american indian
- asian american
- hispanic
- pacific islander
- white
Differences in health status or distribution of care between different population groups, arising from social conditions, in which people are born, grow, live, work and age
health inequities
differences in the incidence, prevalence, mortality, and burden of disease and other adverse health
conditions that exist among specific population
groups in the United States
health disparities
differences between health disparity and health inequity
disparity: differences in health conditions
inequity: differences in health status/distribution of care, unfair
belief that one ethnic/cultural group
is superior to another
ethnocentrism
application of limited knowledge of
race ethnicity, age, or culture to an
individual
stereotyping
belief that there are no differences present in culture
cultural blindness
systematic elimination of the recognized culture
cultural destructiveness
what is included in model for cross-cultural caring (worst to best)
- cultural destructiveness
- cultural blindness
- cultural precompetence
- cultural competence
- cultural proficiency
A phenotype as expressed in observable traits,
such as eye color, facial structure, hair texture, and
especially skin tones
race
Refers to the cultural group with which one self-
identifies (complex); expressed through language, dress, traditions, symbols
ethnicity
orientation to time: actions related to past concepts can cause illness today
past
orientation to time: if there is a
problem today, it needs to
be addressed today
present
orientation to time: illness can be
addressed later or affected
later
future
disease is result of abnormalities in structure and function of body organs
or illness/disease caused by intrusion of pathogens
biomedical perspective
illness believed to be by the actions of a higher power, a super-natural
force such as God(s), ghosts, ancestors, or evil spirits
macro-religious perspective
health as a sign of balance—right amount of exercise, food, sleep,
evacuation, interpersonal relationships, or geophysical and metaphysical
forces in the universe
naturalistic/holistic perspective
3 types of health belief perspectives
- biomedical
- macroreligious
- naturalistic/holistic
guidelines for working with interpreters
- meet with interpreter first (tell them to avoid personal opinions, communicate pts actual words)
- look and speak directly to pt, not interpreter
- use short units of speech and simple language
- listen to person and watch nonverbal communication
3 cultural assessment tools
- kleinman’s explanatory model
- leninger’s sunshine model
- spector’s heritage assessment tool
what is the LEARN model
L: listen carefully
E: explain your perception of the problem
A: acknowledge and discuss similarities/differences between pts and your perceptions of problem and goals
R: recommend plan of action
N: negotiate plan that is mutually acceptable
