ch 25 - respiratory health and illness Flashcards
1
Q
gold standard diagnosis for COPD
A
spirometry
2
Q
people most likely to develop COPD
A
- smokers
- older adults (65-75)
- white, american indian
- women
- unemployed, retired, unable to work
- less then GED
- divorced/widowed/separated
- h/o asthma
3
Q
subtype of COPD: gradual damage to alveoli of lung tissue, reduction in lung surface area
A
emphysema
4
Q
disease characterized by persistent and irreversible obstruction of airflow into lung
A
COPD
5
Q
disease characterized by inflammation and thickening of mucous membrane with accumulation of mucus and pus leading to obstruction; Dx by productive cough for 3 months in 2 years or 6 months in 1 year
A
chronic bronchitis
6
Q
causes of COPD (5)
A
- inhalants of toxins and pollutants
- dust
- chemicals
- tobacco smoke
- alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency
7
Q
S+S COPD
A
- sob
- chronic cough
- dyspnea on exertion
- increased mucus production
- prolonged expiration
- barrel chest
- clubbed fingernails
- pink lips/nails (w/ emphysema)
- pale lips/nails (w/ bronchitis)
8
Q
typical S+S asthma (3)
A
- sob
- chest tightness
- dyspnea on exertion
9
Q
asthma S+S/limitations to consider in older adults
A
- nighttime awakenings
- FEV
- resp rate
- functional limitations
- ability to use meds
- dry cough
10
Q
who is at higher risk for complications from asthma
A
- OSA
- pneumonia
- prolonged associated debility
11
Q
primary prevention of complications of COPD
A
- pneumonia vaccine
- flu vaccine
- avoid smoke and pollutants
- avoid people with resp illnesses
- prompt Tx resp illnesses
- hand hygiene
12
Q
med options for asthma/COPD
A
- SABA
- LABA
- inhaled corticosteroids
- long acting oral meds
13
Q
age related respiratory changes
A
- loss of elastic recoil
- bibasilar atelectasis
- diminished thoracic muscle strength
- reduced effectiveness of cilia
- increased effort to move diaphragm
- diminished cough reflex
