ch 11 - vision Flashcards
common extraocular changes in older adults (4)
- eyelids loose elasticity and droop
- entropion: lower eyelid turns in
- ectropion: lower eyelid turns out
- xerophthalmia: excessively dry eyes
common ocular changes in adults (5)
- increased astigmatism
- glaucoma
- slower iris accommodation
- cataracts
- presbyopia (decreased near vision)
common intraocular changes in adults (4)
- “floaters” bc of deterioration of vitreous humor
- red orange and yellow colors seen more easily (retinal changes)
- color clarity diminishes by >50%
- drusen spots on macula
3 consequences of visual impairment
- associated with cognitive and functional decline, decreased quality of life, depression
- associated with increased risk falls and injury
- “snowball” effect, impacts family, caregivers, and society
how often should you get a dilated eye exam
once a year
basic interventions to promote eye health (5)
- warm lighting
- control glare
- use sunglasses
- reading material with large dark letters
- red and orange colors seen most easily
special considerations in long term care facilities
- wear glasses
- give routine eye care
Opacity of the lens
causing the lens to
lose transparency and
scatter light
cataracts
S+S of cataracts
halos around objects
post surgery instructions for cataract pt
-avoid heavy lifting, straining, bending at waist
S+S primary open angle glaucoma (3)
- progressive, asymptomatic with visual field loss
- headache
- poor vision in dim lighting
S+S acute angle closure glaucoma (3)
MEDICAL EMERGENCY
- intraocular pressure rises rapidly
- eye is red and painful
- severe headache
- N/V
what med class should pt with acute angle closure glaucoma avoid
-1st gen anticholinergics (benadryl)
first line of therapy Tx for glaucoma
beta blocker eyedrops
S+S diabetic retinopathy
black spots throughout vision field
Tx diabetic retinopathy
-strict control blood sugar, cholesterol, and bp
Most common cause of visual
loss due to diabetes and
leading cause of legal
blindness
diabetic macular edema
Tx diabetic macular edema (3)
- cortisone drugs
- growth factors
- laser therapy
medical emergency; S+S: seeing floaters and flashes of light
retinal detachment
Most common cause of new
visual impairment among
persons greater than 50 years
and increases with age; progressive loss of central vision
age related macular degeneration
type of macular degeneration: rarely causes severe impairment, has three stages, common early sign is drusen bodies
dry age related macular degeneration
type of macular degeneration: affects central vision, abnormal blood vessels displace macula, progression can be rapid, blindness can occur within 2 years
wet age related macular degeneration
what tool can be used to determine clarity of vision helps identify central vision problems
amsler grid
Tx age related macular degeneration (3)
- photodynamic therapy
- laser photocoagulation
- VEGF therapy
Tx dry eye
- artificial tears
- consider vit a deficiency
4 leading causes visual impairment in US
- cataracts
- glaucoma
- diabetic retinopathy
- age related macular degeneration
what groups of people are more likely to experience blindness and visual impairment (4)
- disadvantaged
- minority pops (african american and latino)
- diabetes
- HTN
how often should pt taking meds for glaucoma have eye exam
every 6 months
