ch 3 - theories of aging Flashcards
2 categories of theories of aging
- biological theories
- psychosocial theories
A complex genetically regulated interactive process of change in every living organism
biological aging/senescence
biological theory: those who live long enough to reproduce are the fittest of a population
natural selection
what is the evolutionary theory of the disposable cell
growth is viewed in terms of the utilization of metabolic resources
longer life is due to ability to balance somatic systems and metabolic needs
molecules within the cell which are physiologically unstable
free radicals
examples of somatic maintenance needs (6)
- repair damaged DNA
- remove antioxidants
- control stress proteins
- accurately replicate DNA and proteins
- suppress tumor growth
- maintain healthy immune system
diseases associated with accumulation of senescent cells (5)
- diabetes
- HTN
- sarcopenia
- parkinsons
- chronic skin ulcers
diseases associated with excessive inflammation
- dementia
- parkinsons
- atherosclerosis
- DM T2
- sarcopenia
- RA
- osteoporosis
- osteoarthritis
- frailty syndrome
- high risk morbidity and mortality
6 biological theories
- natural selection
- disposable soma
- free radicals
- inflamm-aging
- mitochondrial dysfunction
- telomeres and aging
factors that can accelerate telomere shortening
- chronic stress
- pessimism
- interpartner violence
- <6 hrs sleep/night
- poor quality of sleep
- obesity
- h/o childhood neglect/adverse events
- smoking
- major depressive disorder
psychosocial theories
- role theory
- activity theory
- disengagement
- continuity
- social exchange theory
- modernization theory
- gerotranscendence
- socioemotional selectivity theory
- selective optimization with compensation
psychosocial theory: as one role is completed it is replaced by another of comparative value to the individual and society
role theory
psychosocial theory: ability to maintain an active lifestyl
activity theory
psychosocial theory: natural course of aging; individual does and should slowly withdraw from society to allow transfer of power to younger generations
disengagement
psychosocial theory: ability to maintain and continue previous behaviors and rules or find suitable replacements. productivity and activities of middle life are replaced with equally engaging pursuits of older life
continuity
psychosocial theory: ability to maintain control of their financial resources in order to remain fully participating members of society
social exchange theory
psychosocial theory: status is maintained, skills remain valuable, and kinship groups remain intact
modernization theory
psychosocial theory: to achieve wisdom through personal transformation
gerotranscendence
psychosocial theory: selectively choosing positive rather than negative memories, companions and activities
socioemotional selectivity theory
psychosocial theory: ability to adapt and cope with common losses late in life by focusing on strengths; compensatory strategies are used when challenges occur
selective optimization with compensation
Socially and culturally constructed expectations of behavior at times in one’s life and in pre-established roles
age norms
2 concepts of aging and developmental tasks from Erikson
- generativity v stagnation
- ego integrity v despair
2 concepts of aging and developmental tasks from Peck
- ego differentiation v work role preoccupation
- body and ego transcendence v body and ego preoccupation
