ch 3 - theories of aging

Question 1

2 categories of theories of aging

Answer 1

• biological theories

- psychosocial theories

Question 2

A complex genetically regulated interactive process of change in every living organism

Answer 2

biological aging/senescence

Question 3

biological theory: those who live long enough to reproduce are the fittest of a population

Answer 3

natural selection

Question 4

what is the evolutionary theory of the disposable cell

Answer 4

growth is viewed in terms of the utilization of metabolic resources
longer life is due to ability to balance somatic systems and metabolic needs

Question 5

molecules within the cell which are physiologically unstable

Answer 5

free radicals

Question 6

examples of somatic maintenance needs (6)

Answer 6

• repair damaged DNA
• remove antioxidants
• control stress proteins
• accurately replicate DNA and proteins
• suppress tumor growth
• maintain healthy immune system

Question 7

diseases associated with accumulation of senescent cells (5)

Answer 7

• diabetes
• HTN
• sarcopenia
• parkinsons
• chronic skin ulcers

Question 8

diseases associated with excessive inflammation

Answer 8

• dementia
• parkinsons
• atherosclerosis
• DM T2
• sarcopenia
• RA
• osteoporosis
• osteoarthritis
• frailty syndrome
• high risk morbidity and mortality

Question 9

6 biological theories

Answer 9

• natural selection
• disposable soma
• free radicals
• inflamm-aging
• mitochondrial dysfunction
• telomeres and aging

Question 10

factors that can accelerate telomere shortening

Answer 10

• chronic stress
• pessimism
• interpartner violence
• <6 hrs sleep/night
• poor quality of sleep
• obesity
• h/o childhood neglect/adverse events
• smoking
• major depressive disorder

Question 11

psychosocial theories

Answer 11

• role theory
• activity theory
• disengagement
• continuity
• social exchange theory
• modernization theory
• gerotranscendence
• socioemotional selectivity theory
• selective optimization with compensation

Question 12

psychosocial theory: as one role is completed it is replaced by another of comparative value to the individual and society

Answer 12

role theory

Question 13

psychosocial theory: ability to maintain an active lifestyl

Answer 13

activity theory

Question 14

psychosocial theory: natural course of aging; individual does and should slowly withdraw from society to allow transfer of power to younger generations

Answer 14

disengagement

Question 15

psychosocial theory: ability to maintain and continue previous behaviors and rules or find suitable replacements. productivity and activities of middle life are replaced with equally engaging pursuits of older life

Answer 15

continuity

Question 16

psychosocial theory: ability to maintain control of their financial resources in order to remain fully participating members of society

Answer 16

social exchange theory

Question 17

psychosocial theory: status is maintained, skills remain valuable, and kinship groups remain intact

Answer 17

modernization theory

Question 18

psychosocial theory: to achieve wisdom through personal transformation

Answer 18

gerotranscendence

Question 19

psychosocial theory: selectively choosing positive rather than negative memories, companions and activities

Answer 19

socioemotional selectivity theory

Question 20

psychosocial theory: ability to adapt and cope with common losses late in life by focusing on strengths; compensatory strategies are used when challenges occur

Answer 20

selective optimization with compensation

Question 21

Socially and culturally constructed expectations of behavior at times in one’s life and in pre-established roles

Answer 21

age norms

Question 22

2 concepts of aging and developmental tasks from Erikson

Answer 22

• generativity v stagnation

- ego integrity v despair

Question 23

2 concepts of aging and developmental tasks from Peck

Answer 23

• ego differentiation v work role preoccupation

- body and ego transcendence v body and ego preoccupation