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maturing family > ch 22 - cardiovascular and cerebrovascular health and wellness > Flashcards

ch 22 - cardiovascular and cerebrovascular health and wellness Flashcards

1
Q

which is serious: systolic heart murmur or diastolic heart murmur

A

diastolic is serious

systolic murmur is considered normal finding for older adult

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2
Q

first sign of cardiovascular disease

A

acute MI

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3
Q

unmodifiable risk factors for CVD (5)

A
  • age
  • gender
  • family history
  • race
  • genetics
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4
Q

modifiable risk factors for CVD (6)

A
  • smoking
  • obesity
  • poor diet
  • physical inactivity
  • excess alcohol use
  • poverty (?)
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5
Q

treatable risk factors for CVD (5)

A
  • DM
  • HTN
  • hyperlipidemia
  • insulin resistance
  • metabolic syndrome
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6
Q

recommended bp

A

no higher than 120/80

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7
Q

hypertensive emergency = target organ damage + bp of ?

A

> 180/>120

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8
Q

risk factors HTN

A
  • smoking
  • DM
  • dyslipidemia
  • overweight
  • physical inactivity
  • unhealthy diet
  • psychosocial stress
  • sleep apnea
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9
Q

causes secondary HTN

A
  • CKD
  • OSA
  • meds (NSAIDs, decongestants, caffeine)
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10
Q

complications of HTN

A
  • strokes
  • acute Mi
  • CAD
  • dementia
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11
Q

S+S potential exacerbation of coronary heart disease in older adult

A
  • dizziness
  • gait/balance disturbances
  • loss of appetite
  • changes in mood
  • unusual patterns urination/defecation
  • excessive fatigue and pain
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12
Q

atypical signs chest pain in older adults

A
  • dyspnea

- fatigue

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13
Q

major S+S CAD

A
  • exertional sob
  • less severe and shorter angina
  • epigastric pain after eating in back/shoulders
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14
Q

S+S associated with afib in older adults

A
  • recurrent falls
  • fainting
  • dizziness
  • worsening HF
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15
Q

Tx afib

A
  • antithrombotics
  • b blockers
  • aspirin, clopidogrel
  • warfarin, anticoagulants
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16
Q

causes afib

A
  • DM
  • OSA
  • thyroid disorders
  • CHD
  • HTN
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17
Q

atypical S+S HF older adults

A
  • chronic cough
  • insomnia
  • weight loss
  • nausea
  • falls
18
Q

is left sided HF associated with impaired diastolic or systolic function

A

diastolic

heart is unable to relax

19
Q

is right sided HF associated with impaired diastolic or systolic function

A

systolic

always symptomatic

20
Q

S+S left sided HF

A

-sob

21
Q

S+S right sided HF

A
  • sob
  • fatigue
  • edema
  • sleep problems
22
Q

warnings of sudden death with HF

A
  • fainting

- uncontrolled afib

23
Q

interventions to promote health for older adults with HF

A
  • activity as tolerated
  • meds
  • diet (low cholesterol, sodium, and fat)
  • fluid restriction
24
Q

what is considered elevated bp

A

120/129/80

25
Q

what is considered stage 1 HTN

A

130-139/80-89

26
Q

what is considered stage 2 HTN

A

140+/90+

27
Q

what bp is considered a hypertensive crisis

A

180/120

28
Q

S+S peripheral vascular disease

A
  • pain
  • changes to skin
  • wounds that won’t heal
29
Q

S+S chronic venous insufficiency

A
  • numbness
  • tingling
  • mild edema when standing
30
Q

differences between arterial v venous insufficiency

A

ARTERIAL:

  • pain relieved with exercise
  • absent/weak pulses
  • pallor with elevation, rubor with dependency
  • coolness
  • thin shiny dry skin

VENOUS:

  • pain relieved with elevation
  • normal pulses
  • hyperpigmentation
  • edema
  • acute DVT
31
Q

Dx PVD

A
  • ankle brachial index
  • doppler/duplex ultrasound
  • CT angiogram
32
Q

Tx PVD

A
  • exercise
  • protection of skin
  • intermittent diuretics for severe edema
  • compression stockings
33
Q

should you put the legs up or down for arterial disease

A

legs down - promote circulation to extremities

34
Q

should you put the legs up or down for venous insufficiency

A

legs up - promote movement of blood back to heart

35
Q

cause of ischemic strok

A

blockage of blood to brain

36
Q

cause of hemorrhagic stroke

A

artery in brain bleeds/ruptures

37
Q

S+S ischemic stroke

A
  • sudden weakness
  • tingling
  • neurological deficits
38
Q

FAST assessment of person who might be having stroke

A

Face - smile, does one side droop
Arms - raise both arms, does one drift down
Speech - is speech slurred or strange
Time - call 911

39
Q

Tx ischemic stroke

A

tPA

40
Q

why can an ACE and ARB not be combined

A

risk hyperkalemia

41
Q

serious complications PVD

A
  • DVT
  • PE
  • amputation from wound that won’t heal

maturing family (36 decks)

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