ch 26 - common musculoskeletal concerns Flashcards
1
Q
age related musculoskeletal changes
A
- thinner vertebral discs
- bone calcium loss
- atrophic cartilage and muscle
- decreased skeletal muscle
- painful joints due to less fluid and movement
2
Q
what group is at highest risk for developing osteoporosis
A
postmenopausal white women
3
Q
major RF osteoporosis
A
- white and asian
- low body weight
- estrogen deficiency
- inadequate calcium and vit d intake
- lack of weight bearing exercises
- excess alcohol use
- smoking
- eating disorders
4
Q
how is Dx of osteoporosis made
A
- following fragility fracture
- DEXA scan
5
Q
S+S osteoporosis
A
- loss of height of 3+ cm
- unexplained back pain
6
Q
assessment tool for ten year probability of fracture with osteoporosis
A
FRAX tool
7
Q
med instructions for bisphosphonates
A
- empty stomach with full glass of water first thing in morning
- remain upright for 30 mins after, don’t eat/drink
- take 2 hours before PPI
8
Q
recommendations for older adults to prevent/slow down osteoporosis
A
- calcium and vit d supplements
- weight bearing and resistance exercises
- meds (bisphosphonates, SERMs, RANKL)
9
Q
most commonly affected joints by osteoarthritis (4)
A
- knees
- hips
- hands
- spine
10
Q
inflammatory process affecting joints; thinning of cartilage and deterioration of joints
A
osteoarthritis (OA)
11
Q
modifiable RF for OA
A
- obesity
- joint injury
- knee pain
- job requiring excessive mechanical stress
- muscle weakness
12
Q
nonmodifiable RF for OA
A
- female
- age 50-75
- race
- family h/o
13
Q
S+S OA
A
- stiffness with inactivity
- morning stiffness
- osteophytes (heberdens and bouchards nodes)
14
Q
S+S RA
A
- stiffness more than 20-30 mins after rest
- affects proximal joints
15
Q
Tx RA
A
DMARDs
