ch 4 Flashcards
refers to efforts to master, reduce, or tolerate the
demands created by stress.
coping.
passive behavior produced by exposure to unavoidable aversive events.
learned helplessness
any behavior intended to hurt someone, either physi- cally or verbally
aggression.
may determine whether we feel helpless or not
cognitive interpretation.
view aversive events as “out of their
control” and give up.
pessimistic explanatory style.
associated with increased distress.
behavioral disengagement.
refer to the release of emotional tension
catharsis.
acting aggressively produces.
more aggression.
seeking alternative sources of satisfaction:
reduced impulse control.
––“spending an
inordinate amount of time on the Internet
and inability to control online use”
internet addiction.
People often become highly critical of themselves when stressed.
catastrophic thinking.
It perpetuates negative emotional reactions
to stress.
blaming yourself.
largely unconscious reactions that protect a person from unpleasant emotions such as anxiety and guilt.
defence mehanism.
distortion of reality.
self deception.
how can defense mechanism operate?
various levels of concisions
is defense mechanism healthy and why?
no, • They are avoidance strategies They often involve “wishful thinking May lead to poor health, although a little self deception may be ok
efforts to deal with stressful events that are judged to be relatively healthful.
constructive coping.
are often
associated with catastrophic thinking,
which exaggerates the magnitude of our
problems.
Negative appraisals
allow constructive coping.
positive appraisals.
o therapy that focuses on altering clients’ patterns of irrational thinking to reduce maladaptive emotions and behavior.
rational emotive behavior.
involves unrealistic appraisals of stress that exaggerate the magnitude of one’s problems.
catastrophic thinking.
generating as many ideas as possible while withholding criticism and evaluation.
brainstorming.
It is often helpful to seek aid from friends,
family, coworkers, and neighbors.
seeking help
A common source of stress: feeling lack of
time
time management.
consists of the ability to perceive and express emotion, use emotions to facilitate thought, understand and reason with emotion, and regulate emotion.
emotional intelligence
Efforts to actively suppress emotions, esp.
anger, can increase stress and arousal.
expressing emotions
” is associated
with better mood and health.
emotional disclosure
When we feel “wronged”, we tend to hold a grudge or seek revenge – Forgiving goes counter to this instinct, but is associated with better adjustment and well being.
Managing hostility and forgiving others
Regular exercisers have increased
emotional control and less emotional
distress (Oaten & Cheng, 2006).
exercising.
a family of mental exercises
where attention is focused nonanalytic ally
meditation.
involves counteracting the nat- ural tendencies to seek vengeance or avoid an offender, thereby releasing this person from further liability for his or her trans- gression.
forgivness.
tendency to delay tackling tasks until the last minute.
procrastination
