ch 37: cardiovascular agents

Question 1

what is the cardiac glycosides drug example?

Answer 1

digoxin

Question 2

what does inotropic mean?

Answer 2

improves contractability

Question 3

what does chronotropic mean?

Answer 3

decreases heart rate

Question 4

what does dromotropic mean?

Answer 4

decreases cardiac conductivity

Question 5

what is digoxin’s MOA?

Answer 5

• inhibits Na+/K+ pump
• increases Ca+ to heart muscles
• increases cardiac output and decreases distention

Question 6

what are the two drug drug interactions with digoxin?

Answer 6

• diuretics increases digoxin effects

- antacids decreases digoxin effects

Question 7

what is digoxin’s therapeutic range? what are s/s of toxicity?

Answer 7

• 0.5 to 2

- halovision, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, confusion, bradycardia

Question 8

what are the 4 herbal supplements that effect digoxin?

Answer 8

• gingseng
• st john’s wort
• aloe and locorice
• psyllium

Question 9

what are the phosphodiesterase inhibitors? what do they end in? what are their MOA? how is this drug administered?

Answer 9

• inamirinone lactate and milrinone lactate
• (-rinone)
• increases Ca+ by inhibiting the enzyme
• IV

Question 10

what are the two drug classes for heart failure?

Answer 10

• glycosides

- phosphodiesterase inhibitors

Question 11

what is angina pectoris? what are the 3 types?

Answer 11

• lack of oxygen or blood flow to the heart that results in chest pain
• stable, classic, or exertion: with activity
• variant or vasospastic: at rest
• unstable: need to call ambulance

Question 12

what are the 3 types of antianginal drugs?

Answer 12

• nitrates
• beta blockers
• calcium channel blockers

Question 13

what is the drug example for nitrates? what type of angina is it used for? what is it’s purpose? what are the side effects? adverse reactions?

Answer 13

• nitroglycerin
• stable angina
• coronary vasodilation
• relieves chest pain
• headaches, weakness, and dizziness
• orthostatic hypotension and tachycardia

Question 14

what is bidil? who is this usually given to?

Answer 14

• nitrates + vasodilator
• isosorbide dinitrate + hydralazine
• african american population

Question 15

what are beta blockers used for? what do these end in? what do they do? which are selective? non-selective? what are side effects?

Answer 15

• stable angina
• (-olol)
• decreases heart rate and blood pressure
• acebutolol and metoprolol
• propanolol and pindolol
• hypotension, bronchospasm, impotence

Question 16

what are beta blockers used for? what are the drug examples? what do these drugs do? what are side effects? adverse reactions? what are these commonly given with?

Answer 16

• variant angina
• verapamil, nifedipine, diltiazem, and amlodipine
• decreases contractility
• fatigue, hypotension, flushing, dizziness, and bradycardia
• peripheral edema