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Pharmacology > ch 15: adrenergics > Flashcards

ch 15: adrenergics Flashcards

1
Q

what is the purpose of inactivation of neurotransmitters?

A

-too much stimuli will be harmful to the nervous system

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2
Q

what are the 3 ways to inactivate neurotransmitters?

A
  • reuptake: recycled into neuron
  • enzyme: MAO (inside) and COMT (outside)
  • diffusion: away from receptor
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3
Q

what does -ase indicate?

A

enzymes

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4
Q

what do mimetics do? examples?

A
  • it mimics the nervous system
  • sympathomimetics
  • adrenomimetics
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5
Q

what do lytics do? examples?

A
  • blockers
  • sympatholytics
  • adrenolytics
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6
Q

what are some examples of direct-acting sympathomimetics?

A
  • epinephrine

- norepinephrine

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7
Q

what are indirect-acting sympathomimetics?

A
  • stimulates the release of NE

- amphetamine

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8
Q

what is a mixed-acting sympathomimetics?

A

ephedrine

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9
Q

where are alpha 1 receptors located? what does it do?

A
  • blood vessels: vasoconstriction and increased bp
  • eye: pupil dilation
  • bladder: relaxation
  • prostate: contraction
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10
Q

where are alpha 2 receptors located?

A
  • blood vessels

- smooth muscles in GI tract

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11
Q

what are the receptors for the sympathetic NS?

A
  • alpha

- beta

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12
Q

what are the receptors for the parasympathetic NS?

A
  • nicotinic

- muscularinic

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13
Q

where are beta 1 receptors located?

A
  • heart

- kidney

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14
Q

where are beta 2 receptors located?

A
  • smooth muscle of GI tract
  • lungs
  • uterus
  • liver
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15
Q

what are catecholamines? what are the 2 types? examples of each?

A
  • subs that produce a sympathomimetic response
  • endogenous: epi, NE, dopamine
  • synthetic: isoproterenol, dobutamine
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16
Q

what are non-catecholamines? examples of each?

A
  • stimulate adrenergic receptors and produce a response
  • longer duration
  • phenylephrine, metaproterneol, and albuterol
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17
Q

what system are adrenergics?

A

sympathetic

18
Q

is epi selective or non-selective?

A

non-selective

19
Q

what effects does epi have during an anaphylatic reaction?

A
  • pupils dilate
  • increase bp
  • increase heart rate
  • bronchodilation
20
Q

uses of epi?

A
  • allergic reaction
  • bronchospasm
  • asthma
  • shock (cardiac arrest and anaphylactic shock)
21
Q

why is epi not given orally?

A
  • excessively longer first pass effect

- not enough would reach blood circulation

22
Q

what happens when you take epi with beta blockers? why?

A
  • opposite effect

- epi is agonist and beta blockers are anatagonists

23
Q

what happens when you take epi with MAOI and decongestants? why?

A
  • increased effect
  • MAOI is blocking MAO so NE is not being blocked anymore
  • so you have NE and epi together now
  • alpha 1
24
Q

what does epi with digoxin cause?

A

cardiac dysrhyrhmias

25
Q

what happens when you give a diabetic epi?

A

hyperglycemia

26
Q

what receptors does epi act on?

A

alpha 1, 2 and beta 2

27
Q

what is albuterol used for?

A
  • asthma

- bronchospams

28
Q

is albuterol selective or non-selective? what organ does it act on?

A
  • selective

- lungs

29
Q

what receptor does albuterol act on? what does this receptor do?

A
  • beta 2 adrenergic

- bronchodilation

30
Q

higher does of albuterol causes what?

A
  • less selective
  • acts on beta 1 and beta 2
  • causes increased heart rate
31
Q

what are the uses for alpha adrenergic blockers?

A
  • high blood pressure
  • benign prostatic hyperplasia
  • raynaud’s disease
32
Q

what can the overuse of an alpha cause?

A

orthostatic hypotension

33
Q

what is prazosin? what is it used for? what does it do? what are side effects?

A
  • alpha 1 blocker
  • hypertension
  • vasodilation
  • SIN (syncope, increased orthostatic hypotension, needs to recumbent 3-4 hours after initial dose)
34
Q

what does recumbent mean?

A

rest

35
Q

what do beta blockers do? what does it cause?

A
  • blocks beta receptors in the heart
  • decreased heart rate
  • decreased contractibility
  • decreased rate of AV conduction
36
Q

what are beta blockers used for?

A
  • high bp
  • irregular heart rhythm
  • chest pain (angina)
  • heart attacks
  • glaucoma
  • migraines
37
Q

what does selective alpha blockers end in?

A

olol

38
Q

what does non-selective alpha blockers end in?

A

ilol

39
Q

what does selective and non-selective beta blockers end in?

A

olol

40
Q

who do you NOT give non-selective beta blockers to?

A
  • COPD
  • asthma
  • LUNGS
  • will help heart but will make lungs worse by causing bronchoconstriction

Pharmacology (20 decks)

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