ch 15: adrenergics Flashcards
what is the purpose of inactivation of neurotransmitters?
-too much stimuli will be harmful to the nervous system
what are the 3 ways to inactivate neurotransmitters?
- reuptake: recycled into neuron
- enzyme: MAO (inside) and COMT (outside)
- diffusion: away from receptor
what does -ase indicate?
enzymes
what do mimetics do? examples?
- it mimics the nervous system
- sympathomimetics
- adrenomimetics
what do lytics do? examples?
- blockers
- sympatholytics
- adrenolytics
what are some examples of direct-acting sympathomimetics?
- epinephrine
- norepinephrine
what are indirect-acting sympathomimetics?
- stimulates the release of NE
- amphetamine
what is a mixed-acting sympathomimetics?
ephedrine
where are alpha 1 receptors located? what does it do?
- blood vessels: vasoconstriction and increased bp
- eye: pupil dilation
- bladder: relaxation
- prostate: contraction
where are alpha 2 receptors located?
- blood vessels
- smooth muscles in GI tract
what are the receptors for the sympathetic NS?
- alpha
- beta
what are the receptors for the parasympathetic NS?
- nicotinic
- muscularinic
where are beta 1 receptors located?
- heart
- kidney
where are beta 2 receptors located?
- smooth muscle of GI tract
- lungs
- uterus
- liver
what are catecholamines? what are the 2 types? examples of each?
- subs that produce a sympathomimetic response
- endogenous: epi, NE, dopamine
- synthetic: isoproterenol, dobutamine
what are non-catecholamines? examples of each?
- stimulate adrenergic receptors and produce a response
- longer duration
- phenylephrine, metaproterneol, and albuterol
what system are adrenergics?
sympathetic
is epi selective or non-selective?
non-selective
what effects does epi have during an anaphylatic reaction?
- pupils dilate
- increase bp
- increase heart rate
- bronchodilation
uses of epi?
- allergic reaction
- bronchospasm
- asthma
- shock (cardiac arrest and anaphylactic shock)
why is epi not given orally?
- excessively longer first pass effect
- not enough would reach blood circulation
what happens when you take epi with beta blockers? why?
- opposite effect
- epi is agonist and beta blockers are anatagonists
what happens when you take epi with MAOI and decongestants? why?
- increased effect
- MAOI is blocking MAO so NE is not being blocked anymore
- so you have NE and epi together now
- alpha 1
what does epi with digoxin cause?
cardiac dysrhyrhmias
