ch 25: analgesics

Question 1

What is the pain theory?

Answer 1

tissue injury, then noci receptors, then chemical mediators

Question 2

What are non opioids used for? what effects do they have? what do they do? what can they be used for? are they more or less potent than opioids?

Answer 2

• mild to mederate pain
• has ceiling effect
• inhibits prostaglandins by surrpressing cox enzymes
• can be used for headache, muscular ache and pain, minor abrasion
• less potent than opioids

Question 3

What is the example for non opiods? what does it do? What is the max dose? what is the antidote/ and what are the side effects? what are toxic side effects?

Answer 3

• relieves pain, discomfort, and fever
• max is 4 grams per day
• antidote is n-actylcysteine
• SE are rash, low incidency gi distress
• toxic SE = hepatotoxicity thrombocytopenia

Question 4

what are opioids used for? what do they do? what are the side effects with high doses?

Answer 4

• moderate to severe pain
• suppress pain impulses in the CNS central nervous system
• SE = constipation, nausea, vomiting, orthostatic hypotension, respiratory depression, urinary retention, and antitussive effects

Question 5

what is morphine used for? what are the side effects?

Answer 5

• pain analgesic and preoperative medication

- SE= constipation, nausea, vomiting, itching, urinary retention

Question 6

what is meperidine used for? how long does it take? what is a side effect? what can large doses cause?

Answer 6

• short term pain, gi procedures
• 3 to 4 hours
• decrease bp
• neurotoxicity

Question 7

what is codeine used for? what category is it alone? what category is it added to acetaminaphen? what is this drug called? what category is it added to guafenesin? what is this drug called?

Answer 7

• pain in cough surpression
• C2
• C3; tylenol-4
• C5; robitussin

Question 8

what category is oxycodone? what do you add to it to make perocet? what do you add to it to make percodan?

Answer 8

• C2
• acetaminaphen
• aspirin

Question 9

when hydrocodone is added with ibuprofen, what do they make? when acetaminaphen is added, what 2 drugs do they make? when aspirin is added, what drug does it make?

Answer 9

• vicoprofen
• vicodin and lortab
• damason-p

Question 10

what does propoxyphene and aspirin make? what does it make with acetaminaphen?

Answer 10

• darvon

- darvocet

Question 11

who do you not give fentanyl to? how is this given? how often is this given?

Answer 11

• dont give to patients if they are less than 110 lbs
• transdermal
• around the clock

Question 12

what is the opioid antaganist or antidote? what are the side effects?

Answer 12

• naloxone

- SE= tremors, hypertension, nausea, vomiting, dysrhythmias

Question 13

what causes migraines? what drug is used for this? what are the side effects?

Answer 13

• imbalance of S
• vasodialation
• inflammation
• sumatriptan
• SE= dizziness, warm sensation, seizures, muscle cramps, heart attack, and stroke