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Pharmacology > 22: antipsychotics and anxiolytics > Flashcards

22: antipsychotics and anxiolytics Flashcards

1
Q

what are other names for antipsychotics?

A
  • neuroleptics
  • major tranquilizers
  • psycotrophics
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2
Q

what is the difference between neurosis and psychosis?

A
  • neurosis is when you are still in contact with reality

- psychosis is when you are losing contact with reality

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3
Q

what is schizophrenia? when does it usually occur?

A
  • chronic psychotic disorder

- adolescence or early adulthood

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4
Q

what are the two main categories of antipsychotics?

A
  • typical

- atypical

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5
Q

is typical traditional or nontraditional? does it treat negative or positive symptoms? what neurotransmitter does it block?

A
  • traditional
  • positive
  • blocks D2 and dopamine
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6
Q

is atypical traditional or nontraditional? does it treat negative or positive symptoms? what neurotransmitter does it block?

A
  • nontraditional
  • both negative and positive
  • blocks D4 and serotonin
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7
Q

what are the two main typical drug classes?

A
  • phenothiazine

- nonphenothiazine

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8
Q

what are the 4 categories of phenothiazine? what drug class are these in? what is the mechanism of action for these drugs?

A
  • Aliphatics
  • Piperizine
  • Piperidine
  • Phenothiazine
  • Block D2 and DA
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9
Q

what is the example for an aliphatics drug? what potency is this drug? what is a major side effect?

A
  • chlorpramazine
  • low potency
  • orthostatic hypotension
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10
Q

what is the example for a piperizine drug? what potency is this drug? what is a strong effect of this? what are some other side effects?

A
  • fluphenazine
  • medium potency
  • antiemetic
  • sedation, dizziness, photosensitivity, urinary retention, peripheral edema, EPS
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11
Q

what is the example for a piperidine drug? what potency is this drug? what strong side effect does this have?

A
  • thioridazine
  • high potency
  • sedative
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12
Q

what is the one drug category under atypical nonphenothiazine drugs? what are the four drug examples? what is the mechanism of action for these drugs?

A
  • butyrephenones
  • halopheridol
  • loxipane
  • molindone
  • thiothixene
  • blocks DA and DA
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13
Q

What is EPS? what causes this? what are 4 outcomes of this?

A
  • adverse reaction from antipsychotic medication
  • pseudoparkinsonism
  • acute dystonia
  • tardive dyskinesia
  • akathisia
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14
Q

what is NMS? what causes this? is this common? what is the major symptoms of this? how do you treat?

A
  • adverse reaction to antipsychotic drugs
  • rare
  • fever, altered mental status, agitation, exhaustion, hyperthermia, tachycardia
  • DA agonists
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15
Q

what is pseudoparkinsonism? what are the treatments for this?

A
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16
Q

what is acute dystonia? what percent of patients get this? what are the treatments for this?

A
  • facial grimacing, involuntary upward eye movement, muscle spasms of the tongue and face, and laryngeal spasms
  • 5%
  • treat with anticholinergics like benzotropine or benzodiazepine such as lorazepam
17
Q

what is tardive dyskinesia? what percent of patients get this? what are the treatments for this?

A
  • protrusion and rolling of the tongue, sucking and smacking of the lips, chewing motion, facial dyskinesia, and involuntary movements of the body
  • 20-30%
  • not all treatments are helpful for everyone
  • benzodiazepines, calcium channel blockers, and beta blockers
18
Q

what is akathisia? what percent of patients get this? what are the treatments for this?

A
  • restless, trouble standing still, paces the floor, feet in constant motion, rocking back and forth
  • 20%
  • treat with benzodiazepine such as lorazepam or beta blockers like propanolol
19
Q

what does the acronym FEVER mean regarding NMS?

A
  • Fever
  • Encephalopathy
  • Vital embalances
  • Elevated liver enzymes
  • Rhabdoyosis: muscle breakdown
20
Q

what are the 5 drugs that need to be remembered for atypical antipsychotics? which one does not cause agranulocytosis? which drugs has the worst side effects? which one can rarely cause tardive dyskinesia?

A
  • risperidone: does not cause agranulocytosis
  • clozapine: has the worst side effects
  • arapriprazole
  • Olanzapine
  • Quatiapine: can rarely cause tardive dyskinesia
21
Q

what are some side effects of atypical antipsychotics?

A
  • hyperglycemia
  • agranulocytosis
  • seizures
  • increased cholesterol level
22
Q

what are anxiolytics also known as?

A

-minor tranquilizers

23
Q

what do anti-anxiety medications treat?

A

anxiety and insomnia

24
Q

what medication is given as an anxiolytic? what is it used for? what is the mechanism of action?

A
  • benzodiazepine; lorazepam
  • to treat anxiety or insomnia
  • inhibiting GABA neurotransmitters
25
Q

what is the difference between primary and secondary anxiety?

A
  • primary is not caused by a medical condition or drug use

- secondary is related to drug use or medical condition

26
Q

what is buspirone used for? what is the mechanism of action?

A
  • anxiolytics

- binds to serotonin and DA receptors

27
Q

what is the difference between negative and positive symptoms?

A
  • positive you are able to see

- negative you are not able to see

28
Q

what are the some drug drug interactions when taking antipsychotics?

A
  • alcohol increases the depression

- kava kava increases EPS

29
Q

what is haloperidol? what does it do? what is it used for? what is an important contraindication?

A
  • nonphenothiazine
  • block DA
  • psychosis, dementia, schizophrenia, Tourette’s syndrome
  • narrow angle glaucoma

Pharmacology (20 decks)

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