ch 18: central nervous system depressants

Question 1

what are the two sleep cycles?

Answer 1

• REM (1)

- NREM (3)

Question 2

what happens when you wake up during the REM cycle?

Answer 2

you remember dreams

Question 3

what is the hangover effect?

Answer 3

-when the inactive drugs become active and cause the same effect as the active drugs just less potent

Question 4

how are barbiturates classified? what are they used for? what do they end in? what are the 4 categories?

Answer 4

• sedative hypnotic
• sleep disorders
• (-al)
• long acting: phenobarbital
• intermediate acting: butabarbital
• short acting: secobarbital
• ultra short acting: thiopental

Question 5

what is the mechanism of action of barbiturates?

Answer 5

directly binds to GABA receptors

Question 6

what are benzodiazepines AKA? what are they? what do al these drugs end in? what are they used for? what neurotransmitter does it enhance?

Answer 6

• minor tranquilizers, anxiolytics
• hypnotics
• (-pam/-lam)
• reduced anxiety and insomnia
• GABA

Question 7

what is anterograde amnesia? how does this happen?

Answer 7

• no recollection of anything

- benzodiazepines with opioids or alcohol

Question 8

what are the examples of non-benzodiazepines? what do they do?

Answer 8

• zolpidem and eszopiclone

- GABA inhibitors

Question 9

what age group should barbiturates and benzodiazepines not be given to? why?

Answer 9

• older adults

- increases CNS depression, confusion, and falls

Question 10

what happens if you abruptly stop hypnotics?

Answer 10

tremors and muscle twitching