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Pathophysiology - Final Exam > Ch. 36 GI - Book/3 > Flashcards

Ch. 36 GI - Book/3 Flashcards

1
Q

accumulation of ascitic fluid causes

3

A
  1. abdominal distention
  2. increased abdominal girth
  3. weight gain
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2
Q

what causes light colored stool

A

the complete obstruction of bile flow from the liver to the duodenum

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3
Q

causes of ascites include

6

A
  1. cirrhosis #1
  2. heart failure
  3. constrictive pericarditis
  4. abdominal malignancies
  5. nephrotic syndrome
  6. malnutrition
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4
Q

long term portal HTN problems include

5

A
  1. varices
  2. splenomegaly
  3. ascites
  4. hepatic encephalopathy
  5. hepatopulmonary syndrome
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5
Q

obstructive jaundice can result from

2

A

extrahepatic (post) or intrahepatic obstruction

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6
Q

partial obstruction of bile flow from liver to duodenum results in what stool

A

normal in color

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7
Q

jaundice in newborns is caused by

A

impaired bilirubin uptake and conjugation

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8
Q

obstruction of bile canaliculi can cause

A

intrahep obstructive jaundice

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9
Q

itching aka

A

pruritus

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10
Q

intrahep obstructive jaundice involves

2

A
  1. disturbances in hepatocyte function

2. obstruction of bile canaliculi

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11
Q

several factors contribute to the development of ascites

4

A
  1. portal HTN
  2. decreased synthesis of albumin by the liver
  3. splanchnic arterial vasodilation
  4. renal sodium and water retention
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12
Q

most common cause of portal HTN is

A

fibrosis and obstruction caused by cirrhosis of the liver

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13
Q

decreased bilirubin uptake or conjugation causes

A

unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia

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14
Q

disorders of bilirubin metabolism (unconjugated bilirubin) can be caused by
2

A
  1. drug induced

2. hereditary disorder

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15
Q

pruritis aka

A

itching

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16
Q

icterus aka

A

jaundice

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17
Q

hemolytic jaundice causes

A

hemolytic anemias i.e. sickle cell

18
Q

10% of people with ascites develop what

A

bacterial peritonitis

19
Q

hyperbilirubinemia and jaundice can result from

3

A
  1. extrahepatic (posthepatic) obstruction to bile flow
  2. intrahepatic obstruction
  3. prehepatic excessive production of unconjugated bilirubin
20
Q

portal HTN is caused by

A

disorders that obstruct or impede blood flow through any component of the portal venous system or vena cava

21
Q

hepatic encephalopathy results from a combo of

A

biochemical alterations that affect neurotransmission and brain function

22
Q

the complete obstruction of bile flow from the liver to the duodenum causes

A

light colored stool

23
Q

most common cause of ascites

24
Q

excessive hemolysis of RBC can cause

A

hemolytic jaundice (pre or nonobstructive)

25
Q

portal HTN is

A

abnormally high BP in the portal venous system caused by resistance to blood flow

26
Q

complications common to all liver disorders

5

A
  1. portal HTN
  2. ascites
  3. hepatic encephalopathy
  4. jaundice
  5. hepatorenal syndrome
27
Q

abnormally high BP in the portal venous system caused by resistance to blood flow

A

portal HTN

28
Q

extrahep obstructive jaundice develops if

A

the common bile duct is occluded

29
Q

what accompanies jaundice because bilirubin accumulates in the skin

A

pruritus/itching

30
Q

hepatic encephalopathy - ammonia cannot be converted to

31
Q

what lab evaluation establishes whether elevated plasma bilirubin is conjugated or unconjugated or both

A

serum levels

32
Q

disorders that obstruct or impede blood flow through any component of the portal venous system or vena cava

A

portal HTN

33
Q

ascites - portal HTN and reduced albumin levels cause

A

capillary hydrostatic pressure to exceed capillary osmotic pressure, pushing water into the peritoneal cavity

34
Q

two common things that occlude bile duct

A
  1. inflammation

2. gallstone

35
Q

jaundice is caused by

A

hyperbilirubinemia

36
Q

portal HTN intrahepatic causes result from

7

A
  1. vascular remodeling with shunts
  2. thrombosis
  3. inflammation
  4. fibrosis
  5. biliary cirrhosis
  6. viral hepatitis
  7. schistosomiasis (parasitic infection)
37
Q

portal HTN posthepatic causes occur from

2

A
  1. hepatic vein thrombosis

2. cardiac disorders that impair the pumping ability of the right side of the heart

38
Q

jaundice aka

39
Q

bacterial peritonitis from ascites sx

5

A
  1. fever
  2. chills
  3. abdominal pain
  4. decreased bowl sounds
  5. cloudy ascitic fluid
40
Q

sx from jaundice of viral of bacterial inflammation in the liver
3

A
  1. fever
  2. chills
  3. pain
41
Q

urine may be what, several days before the onset of jaundice

Pathophysiology - Final Exam (26 decks)

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