Ch. 30 Renal - Book/1 Flashcards
minimal change nephropathy is to
predominant cause of nephrotic syndrome
glomerulonephritis primary glomerular injury causes include
7
- immunologic responses
- ischemia
- free radicals
- drugs
- toxins
- vascular disorders
- infection
the predominant cause of nephrotic syndrome is
minimal change nephropathy, most common in children
immune mechanism injuries that cause glomerulonephritis damages what
4
- capillary filtration membrane
- endothelium
- basement membrane
- epithelium (podocytes)
nephritic syndrome occurs primarily with
infection-related glomerulonephritis
excretion of 3.5 g or more of protein in the urine per day
nephrotic syndrome
glomerulonephritis immune injury increases and decreases what
2
- increases membrane permeability
2. reduces membrane surface area
urinalysis of proteinuria with RBCs w/ casts is to
glomerular disease
reduced GFR during glomerulonephritis shows reduced what
creatinine clearance
severe of progressive glomerular disease causes
5
- oliguria
- HTN
- renal failure
- salt and water retention
- edema
the severity of glumerular damage and decline in function is related to
3
- size, number, and location of cell injury
- duration of exposure
- type of Ag-Ab complexes
nephrotic syndrome is commonly tx by
consuming moderate protein constriction, low fat, salt restricted diet with diuretics
nonimmune gluerular injury is related to
6
- ischemia
- metabolic disorders (DM)
- toxin exposure
- drugs
- vascular disorders (vasculitis)
- infection
glomerulonephritis - GFR decreases, resulting in
increased serum creatinine levels
nephrotic syndrome is the
excretion of 3.5 g or more of protein in the urine per day
elevated plasma urea and creatinine is to
glomerulonephritis
glomerulonephritis - what decreases
GFR
dx of glomerular disease is confirmed with lab findings of abnormal urinalysis with
- proteinuria
- RBCs
- WBCs
- casts
glomerulonephritis - immune injury is caused by
activation of biochemical mediators of inflammation i.e. cytokines
nephrotic syndrome excessive protein secretion occurs when
filtration of proteins exceeds tubular reabsorption
nephrotic syndrome is associated with certain
4
- drugs i.e. NSAIDs
- infections
- malignancies
- vascular disorders
glomerulonephritis type III hypersensitivity
antigen-antibody complexes
glomerulonephritis results in
4
-3x decreased
- decreased blood flow
- decreased driving HP
- decreased GFR
- hypoxic injury
glomerulonephritis - the most common types of immune injury are
2
- deposition of circulating antigen-antibody immune complexes into the glomerulus (type III)
- reaction of Abs in situ against planted antigens within the glomerulus (type II)
reduced CFR during glomerulonephritis is evidenced by elevated what
3
- plasma urea
- cystatin C
- creatinine concentration
nephrotic syndrome albumin level
decreases
nephrotic syndrome - concentrations of cholesterol. phospholipids, and triglycerides
increase
nephrotic syndrome is dx when
the protein level in a 24 hour urine collection is greater than 3.5 g
glomerulonephritis - what two things develop because of loss of negative electrical charge across glomerular filtration membrane and increase pore size
- proteinuria
2. hematuria
two major symptoms distinctive to more severe glomerulonephritis are
2
- hematuria with RBC casts
2. proteinuria exceeding 3-5 g/day with albumin (macroalbuminuria) as the major protein
in nephrotic syndrome, what lead to increased permeability to protein and loss of electrical negative charge
2
- disturbances in the basement membrane
2. podocyte injury
what two things have been associated with progressive glomerular and tubular injury
2
- hypercholesterolemia
2. proteinuria
primary causes of nephrotic syndrome include
3
- nephropathy
- membranous glomerulonephritis
- focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
hematuria and RBC casts in the urine
nephritic syndrome
glomerulonephritis tx
3
- antibodies
- corticosteroids suppress inflammation
- cytotoxic agents to suppress immune response
glomerulonephritis type II hypersensitivity
antibodies react against antigens
nonimmune glomerulonephritis vascular disorder ex
1
vasculitis
secondary glomerular injury is a consequence of systemic disease including
5
- DM
- HTN
- bacterial toxins
- congestive heart failure
- HIV related kidney disease
in nearly all types of glomerulonephritis, what is disturbed with loss of negative charges and changes in permeability
- epithelial or podocyte layer of the glomerular capillary membrane
glomerulonephritis edema may require the use of
2
- diuretics
2. dialysis
nonimmune glomerulonephritis metabolic disorder ex
1
DM
nephritic syndrome is
hematuria and RBC casts in the urine
acute glomerulonephritis
inflammation of the glomerulus caused by primary glomerular injury
