Ch 27 Nutrition Flashcards
Explain complex carbs.
starches/polysaccharides. Digest slower, dont spike blood glucose rapidly. less refined/processed. contains nutrients, vitamins, minerals.
Explain essential fatty acids.
diet necessity. in cold water fish.
Explain complete proteins vs. incomplete proteins.
all 20 amino acids
vs
lack 1 aa, must be combined with other protein source to meet aa body need.
Explain fat soluble vitamins.
K, A, D, E.
Only vitamins that can be overdosed (hypervitaminosis)
Associate the following vitamins with their DZ: A D E K C
a-nightblindness d-rickets/osteomalacia e-rbc hemolysis k-bruising/petechiae/bleeding c-scurvy (collagen def)
Associate the following vitamins with their dzs. B1 B2 B3 B9 B12
B1 (thiamine)-Beriberi/Wernicke-Korsakoff b2 (riboflavin)-Dermatitis b3 (niacin)-Pellagra b9 (folic acid)-spina bifida b12 (cobalamin)-pernicious anemia
Associate the following minerals with their dz: Sodium Potassium Magnesium Iodine
sod-Edema
Pot-Bradycardia/tachy
mag-diarrhea
iod-goiter
Assoc the following minerals with their dz:
Iron
Calcium
Phosphorus
Iron-Anemia
Calcium-Rickets/osteoporosis/osteomalacia
phos-rickets
When NAD and FAD are reduced, they:
carry H+ ions and electrons to the ETC (high energy carriers)
Lipids are not water soluble so therefore travel as ____________ in the lymph. Can be converted into ________ and funneled into the krebs cycle in the absence of _________.
chylomicrons
acetyl coA
glucose
Excess glucose can be converted into _______ and stored. when using _____ as fuel, ketones are _____ formed causing what dz?
lipids
foten
metabolic acidosis (ketosis)
When proteins are made, the aa must be ________ in the liver forming _______. This can be then converted into ______.
deaminated
ammonia NH4
Urea
The period immediately following a meal is called? What is high during this time? What controls this time and leads to?
absorptive state
nutrient (insulin) avail high
Insulin (hypoglycemic hormone) controls leading to lowered blood glucose in response to excess glucose.
What is the postabsorptive state? What occurs? What controls this state? leading to?
period between meals. nutrients limited, metab limited to vital functions/energy conserved. Body uses short term (glycogen in liver)before using long term (fat).
Glucagon controls leading to elevated blood glucose (it drops between meals)
What is glucose sparring?
using fatty acids as energy source to keep avail glucose for neurons in brain (that cant use any other source)
Explain simple/refined sugars.
mono and disaccharides. high in calories, low in nutrients
Explain cholesterol, how they travel, and 3 types.
Mostly produced by liver from acetyl coA in absorptive state. (rest from diet) Travels in blood on "lipid rafts" HDL (good) LDL (bad) VLDL
Explain each cholesterol:
HDL
LDL
VLDL
HDL-transport chol from tissue to liver for elimination into bile. (aerobic exer increases)
LDL-transports chol to tissue for steroid hormone synthesis, plasma membrane production (stress, tobacco, caff increases)
VLDL-triglycerides -carry fats for energy use
What is Metab rate? BMR and TMR?
measure of energy expenditure
bmr-base line level of energy needs at reset
tmr-actual energy consumption based on activity level
What is hyperthermia, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke?
hyper-increase in body temp
heat ex-hyperthermia beyond normal
heat str-prolonged heat ex/hyperther
What is kwashikor?
protein malnutrition coupled with starvation.
Leads to abdominal edema and peripheral wasting
What is marasmus?
severe malnutrition (lack of calories)
What is Pica?
craving/eating non foods.
