Ch 27 Nutrition

Question 1

Explain complex carbs.

Answer 1

starches/polysaccharides. Digest slower, dont spike blood glucose rapidly. less refined/processed. contains nutrients, vitamins, minerals.

Question 2

Explain essential fatty acids.

Answer 2

diet necessity. in cold water fish.

Question 3

Explain complete proteins vs. incomplete proteins.

Answer 3

all 20 amino acids
vs
lack 1 aa, must be combined with other protein source to meet aa body need.

Question 4

Explain fat soluble vitamins.

Answer 4

K, A, D, E.

Only vitamins that can be overdosed (hypervitaminosis)

Question 5

Associate the following vitamins with their DZ:
A
D
E
K
C

Answer 5

a-nightblindness
d-rickets/osteomalacia
e-rbc hemolysis
k-bruising/petechiae/bleeding
c-scurvy (collagen def)

Question 6

Associate the following vitamins with their dzs.
B1
B2
B3
B9
B12

Answer 6

B1 (thiamine)-Beriberi/Wernicke-Korsakoff
b2 (riboflavin)-Dermatitis
b3 (niacin)-Pellagra
b9 (folic acid)-spina bifida
b12 (cobalamin)-pernicious anemia

Question 7

Associate the following minerals with their dz:
Sodium
Potassium
Magnesium
Iodine

Answer 7

sod-Edema
Pot-Bradycardia/tachy
mag-diarrhea
iod-goiter

Question 8

Assoc the following minerals with their dz:
Iron
Calcium
Phosphorus

Answer 8

Iron-Anemia
Calcium-Rickets/osteoporosis/osteomalacia
phos-rickets

Question 9

When NAD and FAD are reduced, they:

Answer 9

carry H+ ions and electrons to the ETC (high energy carriers)

Question 10

Lipids are not water soluble so therefore travel as ____________ in the lymph. Can be converted into ________ and funneled into the krebs cycle in the absence of _________.

Answer 10

chylomicrons
acetyl coA
glucose

Question 11

Excess glucose can be converted into _______ and stored. when using _____ as fuel, ketones are _____ formed causing what dz?

Answer 11

lipids
foten
metabolic acidosis (ketosis)

Question 12

When proteins are made, the aa must be ________ in the liver forming _______. This can be then converted into ______.

Answer 12

deaminated
ammonia NH4
Urea

Question 13

The period immediately following a meal is called? What is high during this time? What controls this time and leads to?

Answer 13

absorptive state
nutrient (insulin) avail high
Insulin (hypoglycemic hormone) controls leading to lowered blood glucose in response to excess glucose.

Question 14

What is the postabsorptive state? What occurs? What controls this state? leading to?

Answer 14

period between meals. nutrients limited, metab limited to vital functions/energy conserved. Body uses short term (glycogen in liver)before using long term (fat).
Glucagon controls leading to elevated blood glucose (it drops between meals)

Question 15

What is glucose sparring?

Answer 15

using fatty acids as energy source to keep avail glucose for neurons in brain (that cant use any other source)

Question 16

Explain simple/refined sugars.

Answer 16

mono and disaccharides. high in calories, low in nutrients

Question 17

Explain cholesterol, how they travel, and 3 types.

Answer 17

Mostly produced by liver from acetyl coA in absorptive state. (rest from diet)
Travels in blood on "lipid rafts"
HDL (good)
LDL (bad)
VLDL

Question 18

Explain each cholesterol:
HDL
LDL
VLDL

Answer 18

HDL-transport chol from tissue to liver for elimination into bile. (aerobic exer increases)
LDL-transports chol to tissue for steroid hormone synthesis, plasma membrane production (stress, tobacco, caff increases)
VLDL-triglycerides -carry fats for energy use

Question 19

What is Metab rate? BMR and TMR?

Answer 19

measure of energy expenditure
bmr-base line level of energy needs at reset
tmr-actual energy consumption based on activity level

Question 20

What is hyperthermia, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke?

Answer 20

hyper-increase in body temp
heat ex-hyperthermia beyond normal
heat str-prolonged heat ex/hyperther

Question 21

What is kwashikor?

Answer 21

protein malnutrition coupled with starvation.

Leads to abdominal edema and peripheral wasting

Question 22

What is marasmus?

Answer 22

severe malnutrition (lack of calories)

Question 23

What is Pica?

Answer 23

craving/eating non foods.