ch 24 digestive system

Question 1

anabolism

Answer 1

generates complex molecules from simpler ones

Question 2

catabolism

Answer 2

breaks down complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy.

Question 3

digestive tract

Answer 3

muscular tube that extends from the oral cavity to anus

Question 4

accessory organs of the digestive system

Answer 4

teeth
tongue
salivary glands
liver
pancreas
gallbladder

Question 5

major organs of digestive system

Answer 5

oral cavity/mouth
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestin

Question 6

ingestion

Answer 6

when food enters oral cavity

Question 7

visceral vs parietal peritoneum

Answer 7

visceral: covers organs within the peritoneal cavity

parietal: lines inner surfaces of the body wall

Question 8

dorsal mesentry

Answer 8

enlarges to form large pouch called greater oomentum

Question 9

ventral mesentry

Answer 9

disappears along most of digestive tract and eprsists in adults only as lesser omentum and falciform ligament

Question 10

greater omentum

Answer 10

hangs like an apron from the lateral and inferior borders of the stomach

Question 11

lesser omentum

Answer 11

stabilizes the position of stomach

Question 12

falciform ligament

Answer 12

stabilizes the position of the liver relative to the diaphragm and abdominal wall

Question 13

layers of digestive tract

Answer 13

mucosa
submucosa
muscular layer
serosa

Question 14

mucosa

Answer 14

inner lining of the digestive tract

Question 15

muscular layer

Answer 15

smooth muscle

Question 16

serosa

Answer 16

visceral peritoneum covering the muscular layer

Question 17

peristalsis

Answer 17

waves of muscular contractions that move a bolus along the digestive tract

Question 18

segmentation

Answer 18

cycles of contraction that churn and fragment the bolus

Question 19

oral mucosa

Answer 19

line the oral cavity

Question 20

oral vestibule

Answer 20

space between the cheeks and the teeth

Question 21

gingivae

Answer 21

gums

Question 22

uvula

Answer 22

dangling process at the posterior margin of the soft palate that prevents food from entering the pharynx too soon

Question 23

palatoglossal arch

Answer 23

extends between soft palate and base of tongue

Question 24

fauces

Answer 24

space between the oral cavity and the pharynx bounded by the soft palate and the base of the tongue

Question 25

palatopharyngeal arch

Answer 25

extends from the soft palate to the pharyngeal wall

Question 26

tongue

Answer 26

muscular organ in the oral cavity

Question 27

extrinsic tongue muscles

Answer 27

perform all gross movements

Question 28

intrinsic tongue muscles

Answer 28

smaller muscles used to perform precise movements

Question 29

dentin

Answer 29

mineralized matrix in teeth similar to that of bone but doesn’t contain cells

Question 30

crown

Answer 30

exposed portion of the tooth that projects beyond the gingiva

Question 31

enamel

Answer 31

hard calcified substance that covers the dentin

Question 32

incisor teeth

Answer 32

Blade-shaped teeth at the front of the mouth

Question 33

canine teeth

Answer 33

conical teeth with a single, pointed cusp

Question 34

premolar teeth (bicuspids)

Answer 34

teeth w/ flattened crowns and 2 prominent rounded cusps

Question 35

molar teeth

Answer 35

teeth w/ very large flattened crowns and four to five prominent, rounded cusps

Question 36

types of salivary glands

Answer 36

parotid glands
sublingual glands
submandibular glands
submandibular ducts

Question 37

mastication

Answer 37

chewing