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a + p 2 > ch 21 - blood vessels > Flashcards

ch 21 - blood vessels Flashcards

1
Q

arteries

A

carry blood away from the heart

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2
Q

arterioles

A

smallest branches of the arteries that lead to capillary beds
- resistance vessels

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3
Q

capillaries

A

smallest blood vessels

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4
Q

venules

A

smallest branches of veins that collect blood from capillaries

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5
Q

veins

A

return blood to the heart

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6
Q

layers of the vessel wall

A

tunica intima
tunica media
tunica externa

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7
Q

internal elastic membrane

A

outer margin of the tunica intima in arteries

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8
Q

external elastic membrane

A

thin band of elastic fibers that separates the tunica media from tunica externa

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9
Q

differences between arteries and veins

A

arteries have thicker walls w/ more smooth muscle

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10
Q

vasoconstriction

A

contraction of the arterial smooth muscle which results in a smaller diameter

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11
Q

vasodilation

A

relaxation of the arterial smooth muscle which makes the diameter larger

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12
Q

3 types of arteries

A

elastic arteries
muscular arteries
arterioles

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13
Q

elastic arteries

A

aka conducting arteries
- largest arteries, closest to the heart

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14
Q

muscular arteries

A

distribution arteries
- medium sized arteries

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15
Q

aneurysm

A

bulge in a weakened arterial wall

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16
Q

arteriosclerosis

A

hardening and thickening of the arterial wall

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17
Q

atherosclerosis

A

formation of lipid deposits

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18
Q

focal calcification

A

deposition of calcium salts in the tunica media, associated w/ aging

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19
Q

types of capillaries

A

continuous
fenestrated
sinusoids

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20
Q

continuous capillaries

A

found in all tissues except epithelia and cartilage

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21
Q

fenestrated capillaries

A

permit exchange of water and larger solutes
- have pores in the endothelial lining

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22
Q

sinusoids

A

permit exchange of water and large plasma proteins

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23
Q

capillary beds/plexus

A

networks of interconnected capillaries

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24
Q

precapillary sphincters

A

smooth muscle cells that control blood flow through capillaries in a capillary bed by opening and closing certain capillaries

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25
Q

thoroughfare channels

A

direct passageway connections between arterioles and venules in the capillary bed

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26
Q

collaterals

A

different arteries that contribute to the same capillary bed

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27
Q

arterial anastomosis

A

interconnection between arteries

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28
Q

arteriovenous anastomoses

A

direct connections between arterioles and venules to bypass the capillary bed

29
Q

angiogenesis

A

formation of new blood vessels
- stimulated by vascular endothelial growth factor

30
Q

types of veins

A

venules
medium sized veins

31
Q

venules

A

very small veins that collect blood from capillaries

32
Q

medium sized veins

A

have all 3 layers w/ a thin tunica media

33
Q

large veins

A

all 3 layers and a thick tunica externa

34
Q

venous valves

A

folds of the tunics intima

35
Q

blood flow (F) is determined by

A

pressure (P) and resistance (R) in the cardiovascular system

36
Q

pressure gradient

A

difference in pressure from one end of a vessel to the other

37
Q

blood pressure (BP)

A

arterial pressure (mm Hg)

38
Q

capillary hydrostatic pressure (CHP)

A

pressure of blood within the capillaries

39
Q

venous pressure

A

pressure of blood in the veins

40
Q

total peripheral resistance

A

resistance of the entire cardiovascular system

41
Q

factors that affect total peripheral resistance

A

blood viscocity
turbulence
vascular resistance

42
Q

blood pressure

A

systolic pressure/diastolic pressure

43
Q

systolic pressure

A

peak arterial pressure during ventricular systole

44
Q

diastolic pressure

A

minimum arterial pressure at end of ventricular diastole

45
Q

pulse

A

Rhythmic fluctuation in pressure of arteries that accompanies each heartbeat

46
Q

pulse pressure

A

The difference between systolic and diastolic pressures

47
Q

normal blood pressure

48
Q

hypertension

A

abnormally high blood pressure

49
Q

hypotension

A

low blood pressure

50
Q

respiratory pump

A

pressure changes in thoracic cavity during breathing push blood through veins

51
Q

capillary exchange

A

chemical and gaseous exchange between blood in capillaries and interstitial fluid

52
Q

3 methods materials move across capillary walls

A

diffusion
filtration
reabsorption

53
Q

net filtration pressure

A

difference between the net hydrostatic pressure and the ent osmotic pressure

54
Q

tissue perfusion

A

amount of blood through a tissue

55
Q

vasomotion

A

rhymic changes in vessel diameter

56
Q

autoregulation

A

causes immediate localized homeostatic adjustments to flow in specific tissues and organs

57
Q

neural regulation

A

central regulation that involves rapid, short-term adjustments

58
Q

endocrine regulation

A

central regulation by hormones

59
Q

vasoconstrictors vs vasodilators

A

VC: reduce blood flow by closing precapillary sphincters

VD: increase bloodflow by opening precapilalry sphincters

60
Q

where does neural regulation take place

A

cardiovascular center of the medulla oblongaa

61
Q

baroreceptor reflexes

A

respond to changes in blood pressure

62
Q

chemoreceptor reflexes

A

respond to changes in chemical composition

63
Q

cerebrovascular accident (CVA) or stroke

A

blockage or rupture in a cerebral artery, which results in neuronal death

64
Q

left and right PULMONARY arteries carry

A

deoxygenated blood to the lungs

65
Q

largest systemic artery

66
Q

subclavian arteries

A

supply blood to arms, vhest wall, shoulders, back and CNS

67
Q

brachial artery

A

supplies blood to upper limb

68
Q

common carotid arteries divide into

A

external and internal carotid

a + p 2 (22 decks)

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