ch 19 - male reproductive system Flashcards
testes
male gonads, site of sperm production
scrotum
fleshy pouch that encloses the testes
male reproductive accessory glands
seminal glands, prostate, bulbo-urethral glands
seminal glands function
produce the fluids that will turn into semen
prostate function
small, donut-shaped gland below the bladder
creates fluids in your semen and force semen through your urethra when you ejaculate.
bulbo-urethral glands function
pea-size glands Below the prostate; ducts open into spongy urethra
-secretes a protective alkaline mucus that decreases sperm damage in the urethra
-AND lubricates the urethra
male external genitalia
penis and scrotum
muscles of the scrotum
dartos muscle and cremaster muscle
dartos muscle
layer of smooth muscle on the dermis of scrotum
cremaster muscle
skeletal muscle deep to the dermis that regulates the temperature of the testes
semineferous tubules
slender and tightly coiled tubules in the lobules of the testes
interstitial endocrine cells function
produce androgens
epididymis function
cooked tube that is the start of the male reproductive tract and site of sperm storage/maturation
vas deferens function
tube that travels from the epididymis and transports mature sperm to the urethra
- duct that empties into the urethra
prostate function
small round organ that produce the fluid that nourishes and transports sperm (seminal fluid).
semen
mixture of sperm and seminal fluid
penis
tubular organ for sex and urine
foreskin
fold of skin surrounding the tip of the penis
spermatogenesis
process of sperm production and formation of haploid sperm
spermigenesis
physical maturation of sperm
sertoli/nurse cells
cells that support spermatogenesis
spermatogonia
stem cells that divide by mitosis to produce 2 daughter cells
testosterone
main male sex hormone
primary spermatocyte
a diploid (2n) cell that contains two sets of chromosomes, or 46 chromosome
secondary spermatocyte
haploid (N) cells that contain half the number of chromosomes
-divides to produce spermatids during the second meiotic division of spermatogenesis
spermiation
process by which mature spermatids are released from the supporting Sertoli cells into the lumen of the seminiferous tubule
steps of spermatogenesis
- mitosis of spermatogonium
- meiosis 1
- meiosis 2
- spermiogenesis
meisosis
type of cell division in which the number of chromosomes are halved in the daughter cells
what happens and is produced during mitosis of spermatogonium?
produces primary spermatocyte (2n)
what happens and is produced during meiosis 1
diploid cells become haploid cells and are called secondary spermatocytes, containing 23 chromosomes
what happens and is produced during meiosis 2
the secondary spermatocytes yield 4 haploid SPERMATIDS, each containing 23 chromosomes
what happens in spermiogenesis
physical maturation where the SPERMATIDS become a single MATURE spermatoza
urethra function
transports both urine and semen from the penis
the greater vestibular gland in females is analogus to what gland in males
bulbo-urethral gland
vasectomy
litigation of vas deferens
ability of sperm cells to move along the ductus deferns is due to
peristaltic waves
interstitial cells
cells that produce testosterone in the testis
testes are suspended from what structure
spermatic cord
where in the testes do the sperm mature
epididymis
which accessory gland produces 20 to 30 percent of semen volume
prostate gland
which accessory gland neutralizes the acidity of semen before its ejaculated?
bulbo-urethral gland
sperm travel to the exterior through the urethral regions in what sequence?
prostatic urethra, membranous urethra, spongy urethra
The hormone that promotes spermatogenesis along the seminiferous tubules is
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)