ch 23 - respiratory system Flashcards
how do cells obtain energy
aerobic metabolism
other functions of resp. system
provides surface are for gas exchange
moves aur to and from lungs
produces sounds for communication
detects odors w/ olfactory receptors in the nasal cavity
anatomical divisions of the respiratory system
upper and lower respiratory system
upper respiratory system
nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and pharynx
lower respiratory system
larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli
conducting portion
from the nasal cavity to the larger bronchioles
respiratory portion
the smallest respiratory bronchioles and alveoli
alveoli
air filled pockets within the lungs where gas exchange take place
respiratory mucosa
lines the conducting portion of the respiratory system
mucous membrane consists of
respiratory epithelium
lamina propria
alveolar epithelium
simple squamous epithelium which lines the exchange surfaces of alveoli
respiratory defense system
a series of filtration mechanisms that remove debris and pathogens from the inhaled air
tuberculosis
aggressive bacterial infection of the lungs, which leads to coughing, chest pain, fever, fatigue, and weight loss
cystic fibrosis
congenital defects that affects mucus producing cells, leading to thick sticky mucus, which blocks respiratory
entry point to the respiratory system
nostrils wwhich open into the nasal cavity
anterior portion of nose is made of
hyaline cartilage
dorsum of nose
nose bridge
apex of nose
tip
olfactory region
area lined by olfactory epithelium in the superior portion of the nasal cavity that provides the sense of smell
air flows between the conchae between the
superior
middle
inferior nasal meatuses
hard palate
forms the floor of nasal cavity and separates the nasal and oral cavities
soft palate
extends posterior to hard palate and divides the superior nasopharynx from the rest or the pharynx
chonae
posterior opening of the nasal cavity into the pharynx
pharynx
chamber shared by the digestive and respiratory systems
pharynx divisions
nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx
3 large cartilages of cylindrical larynx
median thyroid
median cricoid cartilage
epiglottis
cartilages of the larynx (6)
thyroid cartilage
cricoid cartilage
epiglottis
arytenoid
corniculate
cuneiform
laryngeal prominence
adams apple
ligaments of larynx
vestibular
vocal
how is sound produced
air passing through the glottis vibrates the vocal folds
speech is produced by
phonation
articulation
amplification of sound in the pharynx, oral cavity, nasal cavity
laryngitis
inflammation of the larynx
trachea (windpipe)
tough flexible tube that extends from the cricoid cartilage to the mediastinum
submucosa
thick layer of connective tissue that surrounds the mucosa
tracheal cartilages
C shaped cartilages that stiffen tracheal walls to keep trachea open and protect the airway
ends of tracheal cartilage are connected by an elastic
annular ligament nd a trachealis muscle
bronchioles
smallest branches of the bronchial tree
terminal bronchioles
smallest conducting branches
bronchoconstriction
reduces luminal diameter of the airway
asthma
causing severe bronchoconstriction due to excessive stimulation of the airway smooth muscles
