ch 20 - the heart Flashcards by Jane D.

pulmonary circuit

carries blood between heart and lungs

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systemic circuit

carried blood between heart and tissues of body

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types of blood vessels

arteries
veins
capillaries

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arteries

carry blood AWAY from heart

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veins

returns blood to heart

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capillaries

exchange vessels

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4 heart chambers

R and L Atrium
R and L ventricle

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right atrium

RECEIVES blood from systemic circuit

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left atrium

receives blood from pulmonary circuit

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right ventricle

pumps blood into the pulmonary circuit

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left ventricle

pumps blood into the systemic circuit

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pericardium

serous membrane surrounds heart

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pericardial membranes from inside out

endocardium
myocardium
epicardium (visceral layer of serous membrane)
pericardial cavity
parietal layer of serous membrane
fibrous membrane

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inner serous membrane layers

outer parietal layer
inner visceral layer (epicardium)

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chambers are separated by

septum

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valves

covered openings that prevent backflow

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tricuspid valve

between right storm and right ventricle

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bicuspid valve

between left atrium and left ventricle

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semi lunar valves

prevent back flow into ventricles
- aortic valve
- pulmonary valve

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pulmonary valve

between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

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aortic valve

between left ventricle and aorta

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foremen ovals

opening thru interstitial septum present before birth

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right atrium receives blood from the body via

superior vena cava: returns blood from upper part of body

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inferior vena cava

fetus blood from lower limbs

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blood flow through the heart

SVC/IVC right atrium tricuspid valve right ventricle pulmonic valve pulmonic artery pulmonary vein left atrium bicuspid valve left ventricle aortic valve aorta

trabeculae carneae

muscular ridges on the internal surface of both ventricles

pectinate muscle

muscular ridges of the right atrium

coronary sulcus

groove between the atria and the ventricles

coronary circulation

supplies blood to the muscle tissue of the heart

order of electrical exciation of the heart

SA node AV node AV bundle bundle branches

what is the pacemaker of the heart

SA node

What does the left coronary artery supply blood to

left atrium left ventricle interventricular septum

right coronary artery

supplies blood to the R atrium, portions of R ventrivle and electral conducting system of heart

Where is the fossa ovalis

interatrial septum

coronary sulcus

deep groove between right atrium and right ventricle that extends to the posterior surface?

deoxygenated blood enters which side of the heart

right side

epicardium

outermost layer of heart wall

empties into the right atrium

superior vena cava

what chamber pumps blood into lungs

right ventricle

what chamber pumps blood to the body tissues

left ventricle

the only vein in your body that carry oxygen-rich blood

pulmonary vein

coronary sinus

opens into r. atrium and drains deoxygenated blood from myocardium

arteries of the aorta

brachiocephalic artery left common carotid artery left subclavian artery

This layer of the heart wall consists of mesothelium and connective tissue.

epicardium

Which layer of the heart wall consists of cardiac muscle tissue?

myocardium

What type of tissue comprises the valves of the heart?

dense connective tissue

In a fetus, this structure allows blood to flow directly from the pulmonary trunk into the aorta.

ductus arteriosus

Which valve below prevents blood from flowing back into the right ventricle?

pulmonary semilunar valve

Cardiac muscle fibers are electrically connected to neighboring fibers by

gap junctions

great cardiac vein

drains blood from regions supplied by anterior interventricular artery

autorhytmic cells (pacemaker and conducting cells)

control and coordinate heartbeat

contractile cells

produce contractions that propel blood

Sinoatrial (SA) node

node in posterior wall of right atrium, pacemaker of the heart

atrioventricular node

at the junction between atria and ventricles

SA node establishes

sinis rhythm: basic heart rhythm

arythmia

disturbances in heart rhythm

bradychardia

abnormally slow heart rate

tachycardia

abnormally fast resting heart rate

electrocardiogram

recording of electrical events in heart

systole

contraction

diastole

relaxation

cardiac output

amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in 1 minute

cardiac output is equal to

heart rate X stroke volume

ANH

Atrial Natriuretic Hormone - regulates blood pressure

heart chamber with thickest wall

left ventricle

papillary muscles

prevent the AV (atrioventricular) valves from opening up into the atria?

QRS wave

ECG wave that accompanies ventricular depolarization

P wave

wave of an ECG (EKG) represents depolarization of the atria

T wave

ventricular repolarization

tunica media

muscular layer of the blood vessel wall