ch 20 - the heart Flashcards
pulmonary circuit
carries blood between heart and lungs
systemic circuit
carried blood between heart and tissues of body
types of blood vessels
arteries
veins
capillaries
arteries
carry blood AWAY from heart
veins
returns blood to heart
capillaries
exchange vessels
4 heart chambers
R and L Atrium
R and L ventricle
right atrium
RECEIVES blood from systemic circuit
left atrium
receives blood from pulmonary circuit
right ventricle
pumps blood into the pulmonary circuit
left ventricle
pumps blood into the systemic circuit
pericardium
serous membrane surrounds heart
pericardial membranes from inside out
endocardium
myocardium
epicardium (visceral layer of serous membrane)
pericardial cavity
parietal layer of serous membrane
fibrous membrane
inner serous membrane layers
outer parietal layer
inner visceral layer (epicardium)
chambers are separated by
septum
valves
covered openings that prevent backflow
tricuspid valve
between right storm and right ventricle
bicuspid valve
between left atrium and left ventricle
semi lunar valves
prevent back flow into ventricles
- aortic valve
- pulmonary valve
pulmonary valve
between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
aortic valve
between left ventricle and aorta
foremen ovals
opening thru interstitial septum present before birth
right atrium receives blood from the body via
superior vena cava: returns blood from upper part of body
inferior vena cava
fetus blood from lower limbs
blood flow through the heart
SVC/IVC
right atrium
tricuspid valve
right ventricle
pulmonic valve
pulmonic artery
pulmonary vein
left atrium
bicuspid valve
left ventricle
aortic valve
aorta
trabeculae carneae
muscular ridges on the internal surface of both ventricles
pectinate muscle
muscular ridges of the right atrium
coronary sulcus
groove between the atria and the ventricles
coronary circulation
supplies blood to the muscle tissue of the heart
order of electrical exciation of the heart
SA node
AV node
AV bundle
bundle branches
what is the pacemaker of the heart
SA node
What does the left coronary artery supply blood to
left atrium
left ventricle
interventricular septum
right coronary artery
supplies blood to the R atrium, portions of R ventrivle and electral conducting system of heart
Where is the fossa ovalis
interatrial septum
coronary sulcus
deep groove between right atrium and right ventricle that extends to the posterior surface?
deoxygenated blood enters which side of the heart
right side
epicardium
outermost layer of heart wall
empties into the right atrium
superior vena cava
what chamber pumps blood into lungs
right ventricle
what chamber pumps blood to the body tissues
left ventricle
the only vein in your body that carry oxygen-rich blood
pulmonary vein
coronary sinus
opens into r. atrium and drains deoxygenated blood from myocardium
arteries of the aorta
brachiocephalic artery
left common carotid artery
left subclavian artery
This layer of the heart wall consists of mesothelium and connective tissue.
epicardium
Which layer of the heart wall consists of cardiac muscle tissue?
myocardium
What type of tissue comprises the valves of the heart?
dense connective tissue
In a fetus, this structure allows blood to flow directly from the pulmonary trunk into the aorta.
ductus arteriosus
Which valve below prevents blood from flowing back into the right ventricle?
pulmonary semilunar valve
Cardiac muscle fibers are electrically connected to neighboring fibers by
gap junctions
great cardiac vein
drains blood from regions supplied by anterior interventricular artery
autorhytmic cells (pacemaker and conducting cells)
control and coordinate heartbeat
contractile cells
produce contractions that propel blood
Sinoatrial (SA) node
node in posterior wall of right atrium, pacemaker of the heart
atrioventricular node
at the junction between atria and ventricles
SA node establishes
sinis rhythm: basic heart rhythm
arythmia
disturbances in heart rhythm
bradychardia
abnormally slow heart rate
tachycardia
abnormally fast resting heart rate
electrocardiogram
recording of electrical events in heart
systole
contraction
diastole
relaxation
cardiac output
amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in 1 minute
cardiac output is equal to
heart rate X stroke volume
ANH
Atrial Natriuretic Hormone - regulates blood pressure
heart chamber with thickest wall
left ventricle
papillary muscles
prevent the AV (atrioventricular) valves from opening up into the atria?
QRS wave
ECG wave that accompanies ventricular depolarization
P wave
wave of an ECG (EKG) represents depolarization of the atria
T wave
ventricular repolarization
tunica media
muscular layer of the blood vessel wall
