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a + p 2 > ch 18 endocrine system > Flashcards

ch 18 endocrine system Flashcards

1
Q

direct communication

A

occurs between 2 cells of the same type that are in physical contact and exchange ions via gap junctions

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2
Q

paracrine communication

A

chemical messengers transfer info from cell to cell within the same tissue

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3
Q

autocrine communication

A

chemical messengers affect the same cells that secrete them

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4
Q

endocrine communication

A

chemical messengers that travel in blood reach distant target cells

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5
Q

endocrine cells

A

release secretions into BLOOD

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6
Q

exocrine cells

A

release secretions onto epithelial surfaces via ducts

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7
Q

what makes up the endocrine system? (7)

A

hypothalamus
pineal gland
pituitary gland
thyroid glands
parathyroid glands
thymus glands
adrenal glands
pancreas

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8
Q

hormone receptor

A

protein molecule to which a particular molecule binds strongly

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9
Q

types of hormone receptor (2)

A

extracellular: on the plasma membrane

intracellular: inside the cell

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10
Q

down regulation

A

decrease in number of hormone receptors
- cell becomes less sensitive to the hormones

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11
Q

up regualtion

A

increase in number of hormone receptors
- cell becomes more sensitive to hormones

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12
Q

what controls the pituitary gland

A

hypothalamus

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13
Q

what are the 5 hormones of the hypothalamus

A

gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)
corticotropin releasing hormone (CRF)
thyroid releasing hormone (TRH)
prolactin inducing factor (PIF)
growth hormone releasing hormone (GH-RH)

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14
Q

GnRH and what it stimulates

A

gonadotropin-releasing hormone
- stimulates Follicle Stimulating Hormone and Luteinizing Hormone

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15
Q

CRF and what it stimulates

A

corticotropin releasing hormone
-stimulates adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

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16
Q

TRH and what it stimulates

A

thyroid releasing hormone
- stimulates the release of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

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17
Q

PIF and what it stimulates

A

prolactin inducing factor
- stimulates prolactin

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18
Q

GH-RH and what it stimulates

A

growth hormone releasing hormone
- stimulates the release of growth hormone

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19
Q

how is the pituitary gland divided

A

anterior and posterior lobe

20
Q

parts of the anterior pituitary gland

A

pars tuberalis
pars intermedia
pars distalis

21
Q

pituicytes

A

darkly stained cells in the posterior lobe

22
Q

what are the hormones of the anterior lobe (7)

A

FLATPEG

follicle stimualting hormone (FSH)
luteinizing hormone (LH)
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Prolactin
Endorphin
Growth Hormone

23
Q

follicle stimulating hormone function

A

stimulates sex organs

24
Q

luteinizing hormone function

A

releases testosterone in men, progesterone in women

25
adenocrticotropic hormone (ACTH) function
acts on adrenal cortex/stimulates
26
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
releases thyroid hormones t3 and t4 and acts on c cels to release calcitonin
27
Prolactin
stimulates milk production in mammary glands
28
Endorphin
inhibits perception of pain
29
Growth hormone
stimulates cell growth and division
30
hormones of the posterior lobe
Oxytocin and ADH
31
how is the adrenal gland divided
medulla (inside) cortex (outside)
32
adrenal cortex zones
zona glomerulosa (outer) zona fasciculata zona reticularis
33
what does the adrenal medulla produce
epinepherine and norepinepherine
34
epinepherine and norepinepherine function
Increases BasalmMetabolic Rate; Heart Rate, respiratory rate
35
what part of the ANS does the adrenal medulla work with
the sympathetic nervous system
36
what does the adrenal cortex produce
produce corticosteroids, glucocorticoids
37
exocrine pancreas
produces enzymes that digest out food (amylase, lipase)
38
endocrine pancreas
produces 4 hormones that regulate blood sugar
39
cells of endocrine pancreas
alpha, beta, gamma, f-cells
40
alpha cells
release glucagon to increase blood glucose levels
41
beta cells!
release insulin to decrease blood glucose levels
42
pancreatic hormones
insulin and glucagon
43
thymus
produces thymosin which promotes development and maturation of lymphocytes
44
in thyroid gland, what cells produce calcitonin
parafollicular cells/C cells
45
order of secretion from the thyroid
thyroid releasing hormone thyroid stimulating hormone t3 and t4

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