ch 18 endocrine system Flashcards
direct communication
occurs between 2 cells of the same type that are in physical contact and exchange ions via gap junctions
paracrine communication
chemical messengers transfer info from cell to cell within the same tissue
autocrine communication
chemical messengers affect the same cells that secrete them
endocrine communication
chemical messengers that travel in blood reach distant target cells
endocrine cells
release secretions into BLOOD
exocrine cells
release secretions onto epithelial surfaces via ducts
what makes up the endocrine system? (7)
hypothalamus
pineal gland
pituitary gland
thyroid glands
parathyroid glands
thymus glands
adrenal glands
pancreas
hormone receptor
protein molecule to which a particular molecule binds strongly
types of hormone receptor (2)
extracellular: on the plasma membrane
intracellular: inside the cell
down regulation
decrease in number of hormone receptors
- cell becomes less sensitive to the hormones
up regualtion
increase in number of hormone receptors
- cell becomes more sensitive to hormones
what controls the pituitary gland
hypothalamus
what are the 5 hormones of the hypothalamus
gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)
corticotropin releasing hormone (CRF)
thyroid releasing hormone (TRH)
prolactin inducing factor (PIF)
growth hormone releasing hormone (GH-RH)
GnRH and what it stimulates
gonadotropin-releasing hormone
- stimulates Follicle Stimulating Hormone and Luteinizing Hormone
CRF and what it stimulates
corticotropin releasing hormone
-stimulates adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
TRH and what it stimulates
thyroid releasing hormone
- stimulates the release of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
PIF and what it stimulates
prolactin inducing factor
- stimulates prolactin
GH-RH and what it stimulates
growth hormone releasing hormone
- stimulates the release of growth hormone
how is the pituitary gland divided
anterior and posterior lobe
parts of the anterior pituitary gland
pars tuberalis
pars intermedia
pars distalis
pituicytes
darkly stained cells in the posterior lobe
what are the hormones of the anterior lobe (7)
FLATPEG
follicle stimualting hormone (FSH)
luteinizing hormone (LH)
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Prolactin
Endorphin
Growth Hormone
follicle stimulating hormone function
stimulates sex organs
luteinizing hormone function
releases testosterone in men, progesterone in women
adenocrticotropic hormone (ACTH) function
acts on adrenal cortex/stimulates
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
releases thyroid hormones t3 and t4 and acts on c cels to release calcitonin
Prolactin
stimulates milk production in mammary glands
Endorphin
inhibits perception of pain
Growth hormone
stimulates cell growth and division
hormones of the posterior lobe
Oxytocin and ADH
how is the adrenal gland divided
medulla (inside)
cortex (outside)
adrenal cortex zones
zona glomerulosa (outer)
zona fasciculata
zona reticularis
what does the adrenal medulla produce
epinepherine and norepinepherine
epinepherine and norepinepherine function
Increases BasalmMetabolic Rate; Heart Rate, respiratory rate
what part of the ANS does the adrenal medulla work with
the sympathetic nervous system
what does the adrenal cortex produce
produce corticosteroids, glucocorticoids
exocrine pancreas
produces enzymes that digest out food (amylase, lipase)
endocrine pancreas
produces 4 hormones that regulate blood sugar
cells of endocrine pancreas
alpha, beta, gamma, f-cells
alpha cells
release glucagon to increase blood glucose levels
beta cells!
release insulin to decrease blood glucose levels
pancreatic hormones
insulin and glucagon
thymus
produces thymosin which promotes development and maturation of lymphocytes
in thyroid gland, what cells produce calcitonin
parafollicular cells/C cells
order of secretion from the thyroid
thyroid releasing hormone
thyroid stimulating hormone
t3 and t4
