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a + p 2 > ch 22.2: immunity + defenses > Flashcards

ch 22.2: immunity + defenses Flashcards

1
Q

immunity

A

ability to resist and defend against infectious organisms and other damaging substances

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2
Q

immune response

A

bodys reaction to infectious agents and other abnormal substances

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3
Q

resistance

A

body’s ability to maintain immunity

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4
Q

types of immunity (2)

A

innate/nonspecific
adaptive/specific

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5
Q

innate/nonspecific immunity

A

1st line of defense
- general response to any antigen

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6
Q

adaptive/specific immunity

A

protects against specific antigens

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7
Q

lymphoctypoiesis

A

lymphocyte production

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8
Q

types of innate defenses 7
(PPCIIIF)

A

physical barriers
phagocytes
complement
immune surveillance
interferons
inflammation
fever

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9
Q

physical barriers

A

keeps hazardous organisms and materials outide the body
-ex, skin and hair

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10
Q

phagocytes

A

engulf pathogens and cell debris

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11
Q

types of phagocytes

A
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12
Q

fixed macrophage

A
  • aka histiocytes
    reside in specific tissues and organs (ex: bone marrow)
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13
Q

free macrophages

A

wandering macrophages that travel throughout the body

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14
Q

complement

A

a system of circulating proteins that assist antibodies in the destruction of pathogens

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15
Q

immune surveillance

A

the destruction of abnormal cells by NK cells in peripheral tissues

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16
Q

interferons

A

chemical messengers that coordinate the defenses against viral infections

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17
Q

inflammation

A

localized tissue level response that tends to limit the spread of an injury or infection

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18
Q

fever

A

an elevation of body temp that speeds up tissue metabolism and activity of defenses

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19
Q

chemotaxis

A

when micro and macrophages are attracted or repelled by chemicals in surrounding fluids

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20
Q

adhesion

A

when a phagocyte attaches to the target and forms a vessicle to internalize it

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21
Q

interferons

A

small proteins released by activated lymphocytes and amcrophages

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22
Q

types of itnerferons

A

interferon alpha
interferon beta
interferon gamma

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23
Q

interferon alpha

A

produced by cells infected with viruses; attracts and stimualtes NK cells

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24
Q

interferon beta

A

secreted by fibroblasts and slows inflamation

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25
interferon gamma
secreted by T cells and Nk cells and stimulates macrophage activity
26
most rapid and effective complement pathway
classical pathway
27
types of complement pathways (3)
classical lectin alternative
28
steps of inflammation
-tissue damage -mast cell release histamine and heparin activation - redness, swelling, heat - phagocyte attraction - tissue repaid
29
unwanted effects of inflammation (3)
necrosis pus abscess
30
pyrogen
fever inducing agents that cause the hypothalamus to raise body temp
31
adaptive defense
specific defense that results from coordianted activities of T and B cells
32
cytotoxic T cells
attacks antigens physically and chemically
33
helper T cells
stimulate responses of T cells and B cells
34
regulatory T cells
moderate the immune response
35
memory T cells
respond to previously encountered antigens
36
inflammatory T cells
stimulate regional inflamamtion
37
supressor inducer T cells
suppress B cell activity
38
cell mediated immunity
cellular immunity mediated by cytotoxic T cells that defend against abnormal cells and pathogens inside cells
39
antibody mediated immunity
humoral immunity mediated by B cells that defends against antigens and pathogens in body FLUIDS/humors
40
active immunity
develops after immune system encounters and antigen and mounts an immune response
41
naturally acquired active immunity
through environmental exposure to pathogens
42
artificially acquired active immunity
through vaccines
43
passive immunity
produced by transferring antibodies from another source
44
naturally acquired passive immunity
antibodies acquired from the mother or from breastmilk
45
artificially acquired passive immunity
by an injection of antibodies
46
inactivated vaccines
contained killed pathogen
47
live attenuated vaccines
use live weakened forms of the pathogen
48
mRNA vaccine
stimulate the synthesis of viral proteins that trigger an immune response
49
subunit, recombinant, polysaccharide and conjugate vaccines
use pieces of pathogen
50
toxoid vaccines
use altered or weakened forms of bacterial toxins
51
viral vector vaccines
use modified versions of a different virus to deliver protection
52
properties of adaptive immunity
specificity versatility memory tolerance
53
specificity
each T or B cell responds only to a specific antigen and ignores all others
54
versatility
can recognize a large number of antigens due to lymphocytes and antigens w/ varied antigen sensitivity
55
memory
some inactive lymphocytes/memory cells stay in circulation after an infection to provide immunity against new exposure
56
tolerance
the immune system ignores self antigens
57
how do t cells recognize antigens
by their MHC proteins that serve as signature to identify cells
58
CD markers
proteins in T cell membranes that provide the molecular mechanism for antigen recognition
59
cytokines
chemicals released by cells involved in the immune response
60
B cell sensitization
B cells have specific surface antibodies (B cell receptors)
61
classes of immunoglobulins/antibodies (5)
IgG IgE IgD IgM IgA
62
IgG
80% of all antibodies can cross placenta
63
IgE
attaches to the exposed surfaces of basophils and mast cells - allergy, anaphylaxis,
64
IgD
antibodies on the surface of B cells/antigen recognition
65
IgM
first class of antibody secreted/first response
66
IgA
found primarily in glandular secretions such as mucus, tears, saliva and semen
67
immunocompetence
ability to produce an immune response after exposure to an antigen
68
hypersensitivities (allergies)
excessive immune response to antigens
69
immediate hypersensitivity
rapid and especially severe response to an antigen

a + p 2 (25 decks)

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