ch 19 - blood Flashcards
the cardiovascular system consists of
blood
heart
blood vessels
blood vessels
series of conducting passageways that carry blood through the body
blood
connective tissue that contains cells suspended in a fluid matrix
plasma
fluid component of blood
formed elements
RBCs
WBCs
platelets (cell fragments)
what are the component sof blood
55% plasma
45% formed elements (platelets, WBCs and RBCs)
hematocrit
the percentage of red blood cells within a sample of whole blood
what is the process that produces formed elements
hemopoiesis or hematopoiesis
functions of blood
transports dissolved gasses
regulates the pH
restricts fluids at injury sites
characteristics of blood
temp, volume, ph
pH: slighlty alkaline (7.35-7.45)
voume: 7% of body weight in kilograms
temp: 98.6 Fahrenheit
fractionation
process of separating whole blood into plasma and formed elemenets
plasma contents
92% water
plasma proteins
plasma proteins (3)
albumins
globulins
fibrinogen
albumins
about 60% of plasma proteins
- contributes to osmotic pressure of plasma
globulins
about 35% of proteins in plasma
- antibodies + transports globulins
fibrinogen
form the basic framework for a blood clot
venipuncture
blood for analysis collected from veins
arterial puncture
collection of blood from an artery for blood gas analysis
red blood cells
aka + function
aka erythrocytes
- transport of oxygen in blood
RBCs structure
-biconcave discs
-form stacks called rouleaux, which allow for smooth blood flow
- anucleate (no nuclei)
- unable to divide
hemoglobin
protein in RBCs that transports oxygen and carbon dioxide
4 polypeptides of hemoglobin
2 alpha chains and 2 beta chains
heme
iron containing pigment in each polypeptide
deoxyhemoglobin
hemoglobin that doesnt carry oxygen
anemia
condition that results from low hematocrit or reduced Hb content
erythropoiesis
RBC formation
hemocytoblasts
stem cells in myeloid tissue that produce myeloid stem cells and lymphoid stem cells
myeloid stem cells
precursors to RBC and several classes of WBCs
lymphoid stem cells
precursors to lymphocytes
erythropoietin (EPO)
hormone that stimulates erythropoiesis (RBC maturation)
when is EPO secreted and where
secreted by kidneys and liver when oxygen in peripheral tissue is low (hypoxia)
RBC maturation (erythropoiesis) steps
when RBCs finish their life cycle, they
hemolyze (rupture)
hemoglobinuria
red or brown urine due to high Hb content
hematuria
RBCs in the urine due to kidney or blood vessel damage
in hemoglobin recycling, the heme unit is converted to a green compound called
biliverdin
what is biliverdin converted to
the orange-yellow pigment called bilirubin
transferrin
the plasma protein that iron binds to in the bloodstream
excess iron is stored as
ferritin
antigens
substances that can trigger an immune response
surface antigens
antigens on the plasma membrane that identify cells to the immune system
blood type
determined by the presence or absence of surface antigens
4 blood types
A
B
AB
O
type A blood
has surface antigen A
type B blood
has surface antigen B
type AB blood
has both surface antigens A and B
type O blood
doesn’t have A or B surface antigens
antibodies
globulins in plasma that attack foreign antigen
aka agglutinins
agglutinate
clumping of RBCs
type A blood antibodies
anti B antibodies
type B blood antibodies
anti A antibodies
type O antibodies
both anti A and B antibodies
type AB antibodies
neither A nor B antibodies
