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Z. MEDT > Ch 21 Pharmacology > Flashcards

Ch 21 Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

new drug synthesis

A

medicinal chemistry

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2
Q

drug effects on the body

A

pharmacodynamics

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3
Q

drug’s absorption, distribution metabolism, and excretion over time

A

pharmacokinetics

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4
Q

interaction of drugs and components inside the cell or on the cell surface

A

molecular pharmacology

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5
Q

use of drugs in treatment of cancer and infectious disease

A

chemotherapy

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6
Q

studies of harmful effects of drugs on the body

A

toxicology

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7
Q

administration of drugs by mouth

A

oral administration

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8
Q

administration of drugs placed under the tongue that dissolve in saliva

A

sublingual

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9
Q

administration of drugs inserted into the rectum

A

rectal

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10
Q

administration of drugs where there is an injection of drug from a syringe through a hollow needle placed under the skin, into a muscle, vein or body cavity

A

parenteral administration

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11
Q

parenteral administration injection is made into a body cavity such as the peritoneal or pleural cavity

A

intercavitary instillation

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12
Q

parenteral administration occurs in the space under the membranes surrounding the spinal cord and brain

A

intrathecal instillation

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13
Q

administration of drugs taken into the nose or moth and absorbed into the bloodstream through the thin walls of air sacs in the lungs

A

inhalation

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14
Q

administration of drugs where particles of drugs suspended in air are administered by inhalation

A

aerosols

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15
Q

administration of drugs applied locally on the skin or mucous membranes of the body

A

topical application

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16
Q

2 topical drugs commonly used as ointments, creams and lotions

A
  1. antiseptics

2. antipruritics

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17
Q

patches used to deliver drugs continuously through the skin

A

transdermal patches

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18
Q

3 oral vehicles for administration

A
  1. caplets
  2. capsules
  3. tablets
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19
Q

1 sublingual vehicle for administration

A

tablets

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20
Q

1 rectal vehicle for administration

A

suppositories

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21
Q

2 parenteral vehicles for administration

A
  1. injections

2. instillations

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22
Q

7 types of injections and instillations

A
  1. intracavitary
  2. intradermal
  3. intramuscular
  4. intrathecal
  5. intravenous
  6. pumps
  7. subcutaneous
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23
Q

1 vehicle for inhalation administration

A

aerosols

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24
Q

4 vehicles for topical administration

A
  1. lotions
  2. creams
  3. ointments
  4. transdermal patches
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25
Q

drug family that lessens pain

A

analgesics

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26
Q

drug family that reduces or eliminates sensation

A

anesthetic

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27
Q

drug family: chemical substance produced by a microorganism that inhibits or kills bacteria, fungi or parasites

A

antiobiotics and antivirals

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28
Q

microorganism that inhibits bacteria, fungi, or parasites

A

bacteriostatic

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29
Q

microorganism that kills bacteria, fungi, or parasites

A

bactericidal

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30
Q

drug family that treats fungal infections

A

antifungal

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31
Q

drug family that prevents clotting or coagulation of blood

A

anticoagulants and antiplatelet

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32
Q

drug family that prevents or reduces frequency of convulsions in various types of seizure disorders or epilepsy

A

anticonvulsants

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33
Q

drug family that treat symptoms of depressions; also mild sedatives

A

antidepressants

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34
Q

drug family that treats symptoms of Alzheimer disease by aiding brain neurotransmitters or shielding brain cells from glutamate

A

anti-Alzheimer drugs

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35
Q

drug family used to treat diabetes mellitus

A

antidiabetics

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36
Q

drug family that blocks the action of histamine, which is normally released in the body in allergic reactions

A

antihistamines

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37
Q

drug family that prevent nausea; used to prevent motion sickness

A

antiemetic

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38
Q

drug family that act on the heart or the blood vessels to treat hypertension, angina, MI, CHF and arrhythmias

A

cardiovascular drugs

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39
Q

drug family that dilate blood vessels to lower blood pressure, improving the performance of the heart, and reduce workload

A

angiotensin-convering enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

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40
Q

drug family that lower blood pressure by preventing angiotensin from acting on receptors in blood vessels

A

angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)

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41
Q

drug family that reverse abnormal heart rhythms

A

antiarrhythmics

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42
Q

drug family that decrease muscular tone in blood vessels, slow heart rate, decrease heart output, reduce blood pressure by blocking the action of epinephrine at receptor sites in the heart/blood vessels

A

beta blockers

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43
Q

drug family that dilates blood vessels and lower blood pressure and treat angina and arrhythmias

A

calcium channel blockers

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44
Q

drug family that increase the force of contraction of the heart; treats heart failure and atrial fibrillation

A

cardiac clycosides

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45
Q

drug family that bind to dietary cholesterol and prevent its uptake from the GI tract

A

cholesterol binding drugs

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46
Q

drug family that control hypercholesterolemia

A

cholesterol lowering drugs (statins)

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47
Q

drug family that reduces volume of blood in the body by promoting the kidney to remove water and salt through urine

A

diuretics

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48
Q

drug family that interfere with the production of androgens or with their binding in tissues

A

antiandrogens

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49
Q

drug family that reduce amount of estrogen in the blood; effective against cancer

A

aromatase inhibitors

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50
Q

drug family that have estrogen like effects on bone and lipid metabolism

A

selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs)

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51
Q

drug family that neutralize hydrochloric acid in the stomach to relieve symptoms of peptic ulcer, esophagitis and reflux

A

antacids

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52
Q

drug family that blocks secretion of acid by cells in the lining of the stomach

A

antiulcer

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53
Q

drug family that treat autoimmune diseases such as Crohn’s

A

anti-tnf tumor necrosis factor

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54
Q

drug family that open bronchial tubes and are administered by injection or aerosol inhalers

A

bronchodilators

55
Q

drug family that are inhaled or given IV and orally to reduce chronic inflammation in respiratory passageways

A

steroid drugs

56
Q

drug family that prevent asthma attacks by blocking leukotriene from binding to receptors in respiratory tissues

A

leukotriene modifiers

57
Q

drug family that depress the CNS ad promote drowsiness and sleep

A

sedative-hypnotics

58
Q

2 major categories of sedative hypnotics

A
  1. barbitruates

2. benzodiazepines

59
Q

drug family that act on the brain to speed up vital processes in cases of shock and collapse

A

stimulants

60
Q

drug family that control anxiety

A

tranquilizers

61
Q

hormone from the adrenal cortex that raises blood sugar and reduces inflammation

A

glucocorticoid

62
Q

aer/o

63
Q

alges/o

A

sensitivity to pain

64
Q

bronch/o

A

bronchial tube

65
Q

chem/o

66
Q

cras/o

67
Q

cutane/o

68
Q

derm/o

69
Q

erg/o

70
Q

esthes/o

A

feeling, sensation

71
Q

hist/o

72
Q

hypn/o

73
Q

iatr/o

74
Q

lingu/o

75
Q

myc/o

A

mold, fungus

76
Q

narc/o

77
Q

or/o

78
Q

pharmac/o

79
Q

prurit/o

80
Q

pyret/o

81
Q

thec/o

A

sheath (of brain and spinal cord)

82
Q

tox/o

83
Q

toxic/o

84
Q

vas/o

85
Q

ven/o

86
Q

vit/o

87
Q

ana-

A

upward, excessive, again

88
Q

anti-

89
Q

contra-

A

againts, opposite

90
Q

par-

A

other than, apart from

91
Q

syn-

A

together, with

92
Q

ac

A

before meals (ante cibum)

93
Q

bid

A

2 times a day

94
Q

h

95
Q

hs

A

at bedtime

96
Q

IM

A

intramuscular

97
Q

IV

A

intravenous

98
Q

npo

A

nothing by mouth (nil per os)

99
Q

NSAID

A

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

100
Q

pc

A

after meals (post cibum)

101
Q

PCA

A

patient controlled analgesia

102
Q

prn

A

as needed; as necessary

103
Q

q

104
Q

qh

A

every hour

105
Q

q2h

A

every 2 hours

106
Q

qid

A

4 times a day

107
Q

Rx

A

prescription

108
Q

tid

A

3 times daily

109
Q

high cholesterol drugs

A

atorvastatin (Lipitor)

110
Q

hypothyroidism drugs

A

levothyroxine (Synthroid)

111
Q

coronary artery disease drugs

A

clopidogrel bisulfate (Plavix)

112
Q

a. bacterial infections drugs

A

cephalexin (Keflex)

113
Q

b. bacterial infections drugs

A

levofloxacin (Levaquin)

114
Q

c. bacterial infections drugs

A

tetracycline

115
Q

epilepsy drugs

A

phenytoin sodium (Dilantin)

116
Q

depression drugs

A

fluoxetine (Prozac)

117
Q

alzheimer drugs

A

donepezil (Aricept)

118
Q

hay fever drugs

A

loratadine (Claritin)

119
Q

osteoporosis drugs

A

alendronate (Fosamax)

120
Q

prostate cancer drugs

A

flutamide (Eulexin)

121
Q

fungal infection drugs

A

terbinafine (Lamisil)

122
Q

thrombosis drugs

A

warfarin (Coumadin)

123
Q

GERD drugs

A

ranitidine (Zantac)

124
Q

diarrhea drugs

A

loperamide (Imodium)

125
Q

Crohn’s drugs

A

adalimumab (Humira)

126
Q

asthma drugs

A

albuterol (Ventolin)

127
Q

prostate cancer drugs

A

flutamide (Eulexin)

128
Q

breast cancer drugs

A

tamoxifin (Nolvadex)

129
Q

allergic drugs

A

prednisone (Deltasone)

130
Q

insomia drugs

A

zolpiderm tartrate (Ambien)

131
Q

ADD drugs

A

methylphenidate (Ritalin)

132
Q
  1. anxiety drugs
A

lorazepam (Ativan)

133
Q
  1. anxiety drugs
A

diazepam (Valium)

Z. MEDT (18 decks)

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