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Z. MEDT > Ch. 10 Nervous > Flashcards

Ch. 10 Nervous Flashcards

1
Q

Functions: relay station “triage center” for sensory impulses; control of awareness and consciousness

A

thalamus

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2
Q

Functions: body temperature, sleep, appetite, emotions, control of the pituitary gland

A

hypothalamus

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3
Q

Functions: coordination of voluntary movements and balance

A

cerebellum

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4
Q

Functions: connection of nerves (to the eyes and face)

A

pons

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5
Q

Functions: nerve fibres cross over, left to right and right to left; contains centers to regulate heart, blood vessels, and respiratory system

A

medulla oblongota

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6
Q

Neurotransmitter chemical released at the ends of nerve cells

A

acetylcholine

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7
Q

Carries messages toward the brain and spinal cord (sensory nerve)

A

afferent nerve

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8
Q

Middle layer of the three membranes (meninges) that surround the brain and spinal cord

A

arachnoid membrane

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9
Q

Nerves that control involuntary body functions of muscles, glands, and internal organs

A

autonomic nervous system

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10
Q

Posterior portion of the brain that connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord; includes the pons and medulla oblongata

A

brainstem

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11
Q

Collection of spinal nerves below the end of the spinal cord

A

cauda equina

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12
Q

Part of a nerve cell that contains the nucleus

A

cell body

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13
Q

The brain and the spinal cord

A

central nervous system (CNS)

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14
Q

Posterior part of the brain that coordinates muscle movements and maintains balance

A

cerebellum

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15
Q

Outer region of the cerebrum, containing sheets of nerve cells; gray matter of the brain

A

cerebral cortex

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16
Q

Circulates throughout the brain and spinal cord

A

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

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17
Q

Largest part of the brain; responsible for voluntary muscular activity, vision, speech, taste, hearing, thought and memory

A

cerebrum

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18
Q

12 pairs of nerves that carry messages to and from the brain with regard to the head and neck (except the vagus nerve)

A

cranial nerves

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19
Q

Microscopic branching fiber of a nerve cell that is the first part to receive the nervous impulse

A

dendrite

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20
Q

Thick, outermost layer of the meninges surrounding and protecting the brain and spinal cord

A

dura mater

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21
Q

Carries messages away from the brain and spinal cord; moter nerve

A

efferent nerve

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22
Q

Glial cell that lines membranes within the brain and spinal cord and helps form CSF

A

ependymal cell

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23
Q

Collection of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system

A

ganglion

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24
Q

Supportive and connective nerve cell that doesn’t carry nervous impulses. Ex: astrocytes, microglial cells, ependymal cells, and oligodendrocytes

A

glial cell (neuroglial cell)

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25
Q

T or F. Glial cells can reproduce themselves, as opposed to neurons

A

glial cell

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26
Q

Sheet of nerve cells producing a rounded ridge on the surface of the cerebral cortex; convolution

A

gyrus

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27
Q

Portion of the brain beneath the thalamus; controls sleep, appetite, body temperature and secretions from the pituitary gland

A

hypothalamus

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28
Q

Part of the brain just above the spinal cord, controls breathing, heartbeat, and the size of blood vessels; nerve fibers cross over here

A

medulla oblongata

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29
Q

3 protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord

A

meninges

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30
Q

Phagocytic glial cell that removes waste products from the central nervous system

A

microglial cell

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31
Q

Carries messages away from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and organs; efferent nerve

A

motor nerve

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32
Q

Covering of white fatty tissue that surrounds and insulates the axon of a nerve cell; speeds impulse conduction along axons

A

myelin sheath

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33
Q

Macroscopic cord-like collection of fibers (axons and dendrites) that carry electrical impulses

A

nerve

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34
Q

Nerve cell that carries impulses throughout the body; parenchyma of the nervous system

A

neuron

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35
Q

Chemical messenger released at the end of a nerve cell; stimulates or inhibits another cell, which can be a nerve, muscle or gland cell

A

neurotransmitter

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36
Q

Examples: acetycholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin

A

neurotransmitter

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37
Q

Glial cell that forms the myelin sheath covering axons

A

oligodendroglical cell; oligodendrocyte

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38
Q

Involuntary, autonomic nerves that regulate normal body functions such as heart rate, breathing, and muscles of the GI tract

A

parasympathetic nerves

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39
Q

Essential, distinguishing tissue of any organ or system.

A

parenchyma

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40
Q

The parenchyma of the nervous system includes the ___ and ___ that carry nervous impulses

A

neurons and nerves

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41
Q

Parenchymal cells of the liver

A

hepatocytes

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42
Q

Parenchymal tissue of the kidney

A

nephrons

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43
Q

Nerves outside the brain and spinal cord: cranial, spinal, and autonomic nerves

A

peripheral nervous system

44
Q

Thin, delicate inner membrane of the meninges

A

pia mater

45
Q

Large, interlacing network of nerves. ex: lumbosacral, cervical and brachial

A

plexus plural:plexuses

46
Q

Part of the brain anterior to the cerebellum and between the medulla and the rest of the midbrain; bridge connecting various parts of the brain

A

pons

47
Q

Organ that receives a nervous stimulus and passes it onto afferent nerves. ex: skin, ears, eyes and taste buds

A

receptor

48
Q

Nerve extending from the base of the spine down the thigh, lower leg, and foot

A

sciatic nerve

49
Q

Carries messages toward the brain and spinal cord from a receptor; afferent nerve

A

sensory nerve

50
Q

31 pairs of nerves arising from the spinal cord

A

spinal nerves

51
Q

Agent of change (light, sound, touch) in the internal or external environment that evokes a response

A

stimulus

52
Q

Connective and supporting tissue of an organ (glial cells in the brain)

A

stroma

53
Q

Depression or groove in the surface of the cerebral cortex; fissure

A

sulcus plural:sulci

54
Q

Autonomic nerves that influence bodily functions involuntarily in times of stress

A

sympathetic nerves

55
Q

Main relay center of the brain; conducts impulses between the spinal cord and the cerebrum; incoming sensory messages are relayed through this to appropriate centers in the cerebrum

A

thalamus

56
Q

Tenth cranial nerve; branches reach to the larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, aorta, esophagus, and stomach

A

vagus nerve

57
Q

Unlike the other cranial nerves, the vagus leaves the head and wanders into the ___ and ___ cavities

A

abdominal and thoracic

58
Q

Canals in the brain that contain CSF. Also found in the heart

A

ventricles of the brain

59
Q

cerebell/o

A

cerebellum

60
Q

cerebr/o

A

cerebrum

61
Q

dur/o

A

dura mater

62
Q

encephal/o

A

brain

63
Q

gli/o

A

glial cells

64
Q

lept/o

A

thin, slender

65
Q

mening/o, meningi/o

A

membranes, meninges

66
Q

my/o

A

muscle

67
Q

myel/o

A

spinal cord or bone marrow

68
Q

neur/o

A

nerve

69
Q

pont/o

A

pons

70
Q

radicul/o

A

nerve root (of spinal nerves)

71
Q

thalam/o

A

thalamus

72
Q

thec/o

A

sheath (refers to meninges)

73
Q

vag/o

A

vagus nerve

74
Q

alges/o, -algesia

A

excessive sensitivity to pain

75
Q

myelo vs myo

A 
myelo = spinal cord or bone marrow
my/o = muslce
76
Q

pyelo vs pyo

A 
pyelo = renal pelvis of kidney
pyo = pus
77
Q

Diseases of peripheral nerves

A

neuropathies

78
Q

-algia

A

pain

79
Q

caus/o

A

burning

80
Q

comat/o

A

deep sleep (coma)

81
Q

estehsi/o, -esthesia

A

feeling, sensation

82
Q

kines/o, kinesi/o, -kinesia, -kinesis, -kinetic

A

movement

83
Q

-lepsy

A

seizure

84
Q

lex/o

A

word, phrase

85
Q

-paresis

A

weakness

86
Q

-phasia

A

speech

87
Q

-plegia

A

paralysis (loss or impairment of the ability to move parts of the body)

88
Q

-praxia

A

action

89
Q

-sthenia

A

strenght

90
Q

syncop/o

A

to cut off, cut short

91
Q

tax/o

A

order, coordination

92
Q

Removal of the thymus gland (a lymphocyte-producing gland in the chest); used as treatment for myasthenia gravis

A

thymectomy

93
Q

X-ray imaging of the arterial blood vessels in the brain after injection of contrast material

A

cerebral angiography

94
Q

Radioactive glucose injected and then detected in the brain to image the metabolic activity of cells

A

PET (positron emission tomography) scan

95
Q

Sound waves detect blood flow in the carotid/intracranial arteries

A

Doppler ultrasound studies

96
Q

Recording of the electrical activity of the brain

A

electroencephalography (EEG)

97
Q

CSF withdrawn from between two lumbar vertebrae for analysis

A

lumbar puncture (LP)

98
Q

Use of a specialized instrument to locate and treat targets in the brain

A

stereotactic radiosurgery

99
Q

computerized xray technique generating multiple images of the brain and spinal cord

A

computed tomography (CT) of the brain

100
Q

magnetic field and pulses of radiowave energy create images of the brain and spinal cord

A

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

101
Q

sound waves detect blood flow in the carotid and intracranial arteries

A

doppler ultrasound studies

102
Q

radioactive glucose is injected and then detected in the brain to image the metabolic activity of cells

A

positron emission tomography (PET) scan

103
Q

recording of electrical activity of brain

A

electroencephalography (EEG)

104
Q

CSF withdrawn rom between 2 lumbar vertebrae for analysis

A

lumbar puncture (LP)

105
Q

use of specialized instrument to locate and treat targets in brain

A

stereotactic radiosurgery

106
Q

delivers uniform dose of proton radiation to a target and spares surrounding normal tissue

A

proton stereotactic radiosurgery (PSRS)

107
Q

high energy radiation beam used to treat deep and often inaccessible intracranial brain tumors and abnormal blood vessel masses

A

gamma knife

Z. MEDT (18 decks)

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