Ch. 15: Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
Define Hypercalcemia
increased calcium in the blood
Define kyphosis
abnormal condition of a humpback
Define laminectomy
excision of lamina of the vertebral arch
Define lordosis
abnormal condition of a swayback
Define osteitis
inflammation of the bone
Define scoliosis
abnormal condition of lateral curvature of the spine
Define vertebroplasty
repair of compression fractures of the vertebrae
Define lumbar
pertaining to the lower back
Define osteoblast
cell synthesizes collagen to form bone tissue
Define osteoclast
cells that break down bone to remove bone tissue
Define osteomalacia
softening of the bone
Define acetabular
pertaining to the hip joint
Define carpal
pertaining to the wrist bones
Define femoral
pertaining to the femur
Define Ewing sarcoma
Who is most at risk?
What are some of the type of treatments?
Is the a potential cure?
rare malignant tumor arising in bones
- found in children
- treatment: radiation/chemo
- if metastasis doesn’t occur
Name the different types of fractures
What are some treatments?
- simple closed fracture
- compound open fracture
treatment:
- close reduction
- open reduction
What the difference between open and closed fractures?
open: can see bone (protruding out of skin)
closed: can’t see bone
Define fracture
traumatic breaking of a bone
Define closed reduction
manipulative reduction without surgical incision
Define open reduction
an incision make for access to the fracture cite
Why are casts applied to fractures?
to mobilize an injury after a closed reduction
Unabbreviate ORIF
open reduction internal fixation
Define osteosarcoma
Who is most at most at risk?
malignant tumor arising from the osteoblast
- at the ends of the long bones
- in children
Define osteomyelitis
Who is most at risk?
inflammation of the bone and bone marrow
- secondary to infection (near end of long bone)
- bacteria enters through wound
- children
Define osteoporosis
When are women most at risk?
decrease in bone density
- thinning and weakening of the bone
- older women from estrogen deficiency (metapause)
Define ankylosis
stiffing of a joint
Define arthroplasty
surgical repair of the joint
Define bursitis
inflammation of the bursa
Define achondroplasia
without cartilage formation
Define chondromalacia
softening of cartilage in the joints and breaks down
Define synovitis
inflammation of the synovial membrane
Define tenorrhaphy
surgical suturing of the tendon
Define ankylosing spondylitis
What type of medicine helps?
Chronic progression of arthritis with stiffening of the joints
- mainly in spine
- antiflammatory drugs
Define gouty arthritis
What does it cause?
inflammation of painful swelling in joints
- from crystals
- rapid deterioration of articular cartilage
Define osteoarthritis
progressive degenerative joint disease
- loss of articular cartilage
Define rheumatoid arthritis
Who’s most at risk?
How is it diagnosed?
Types of treatment?
chronic joint condition of inflammation and pain
- from autoimmune reaction against joint tissue
- civinal membrane
- most common in men
- blood tests/x-rays
- heat application drug/aspirin
Define bunion
enlargement of the toe and tissue around the joint at the base of the toe
- from un-fit shoes
Define carpal tunnel syndrome
treatment?
compression of the median nerve as it passes between the transverse ligament and the bones and tendons of the wrist
- surgery
Define dislocation:
displacement of a bone from its joint
- shoulder/hip
Define ganglion cyst
fluid filled sac arising from a joint/capsule of a tendone
Define Lyme disease
treatment?
chronical occurent disorder
- severe arthritis/myalgia/melace
- from bacteria carried by a tick
- antibiotics/antiviral
Define fasciotomy
incision of facia
Define fibromyalgia
chronic pain and stiffness in muscles/joints/fibrous tissue
Define leiomyoma
benign smooth muscle tumor
Define myalgia
muscle pain
Define myocardial
pertaining to the heart muscle
Define atrophy
decrease in the size of an organ or tissue
Define hypertrophy
increase in the size of an organ or tissue
Define muscular dystrophy
How is it detected?
Who is most effected?
group of inherited diseases
- progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fibers
- not involve with nervous system
- muscle biopsy/electrography
- mainly men
Define polymyositis
chronic inflammatory myopathy
- muscle weakness pain, rash around eyes/face/limbs
- autoimmune disorder
Unabbreviate ESR
erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Unabbreviate and define RF
rheumatoid factor test
- serum test for antibodies for rheumatoid arthritis
Define uric acid test
measures uric acid in serum
Define arthrocentesis
surgical puncture to remove fluid from a joint
Define arthrography
taking x-ray images after an injection of contrast material into the joint
Define arthroplasty
surgical repair of the joint
Define arthroscopy
visual examination of the joint
Define bone density test
What can it detect?
low energy x-ray obsorbtion in bones
- spinal column, pelvis, wrist
- measure bone mass
- osteopenia/osteoporosis
Define bone scan
What another name for it?
What does it detect?
uptake of a radioactive substance
- measured in the bone
- bone scintigraphy
- tumor, infection, stress factors
Define muscle biopsy
removal of muscular tissue for microscopic examination
- detect abnormalities/disease
Unabbreviate ACL
anterior cruciate ligament of the knee
Unabbreviate BKA
below-knee amputation
Unabbreviate CTS
carpal tunnel syndrome
Unabbreviate DTRs
deep tendon reflexes
Unabbreviate IM
intramuscular
Unabbreviate OA
osteoarthritis
Unabbreviate RA
rheumatoid arthritis
Unabbreviate SLE
systemic lupus erythematosus
Unabbreviate ortho
orthopedics
