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Medical Terminology > Ch. 13: Blood System > Flashcards

Ch. 13: Blood System Flashcards

1
Q

Define plasma

A

liquid portion of blood
- contains water, proteins, salts, nutrients, lipids, hormones, vitamins

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2
Q

Define erythrocyte

A

red blood cell

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3
Q

Define leukocyte

A

white blood cell

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4
Q

Define thrombocyte

A

platelet

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5
Q

Define stem cells

A

unspecialized cell
- gives rise to mature, specialized forms

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6
Q

Define hemoglobin

A

blood protein containing iron
- carries oxygen in red blood cells

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7
Q

Define bilirubin

A

orange-yellow pigment in bile
- from the breakdown of hemoglobin when red blood cells are destroyed

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8
Q

Define polymorphonuclear

A

pertaining to white blood cell with a multilobed nucleus
- neutrophil

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9
Q

Define antibodies

A

specific protein from lymphocytes in response to bacteria/virus/other antigen

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10
Q

Define antigens

A

substance that stimulates the production of an antibody

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11
Q

Define albumin

A

protein in the blood

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12
Q

Define edema

A

swelling

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13
Q

Define coagulation

A

blood clotting

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14
Q

Define agglutination

A

the clumping of blood cells

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15
Q

Define differentiation
What is it also known as?

A

change in structure and function of a cells as it matures

  • specialization
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16
Q

Define hypochromia

A

pertaining to the reduction of hemoglobin in red blood cells

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17
Q

Define cytology

A

study of cells

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18
Q

Define erythrocytopenia

A

deficiency of red blood cells

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19
Q

Define hemolysis

A

destruction of red blood cells

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20
Q

Define hematocrit

A

percentage of erythrocytes in a volume of blood

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21
Q

Define hemoglobinopathy

A

disease of hemoglobin

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22
Q

Define leukocytopenia

A

deficiency of white blood cells

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23
Q

Define thrombocytopenia

A

deficiency of platelets in the blood

24
Q

Define plasmapheresis

A

removal of plasma from withdrawn blood by centrifuge

25
Q

Define monoblast

A

immature monocyte

26
Q

Define erythrocytosis

A

increased number of red blood cells than normal in the blood

27
Q

Define electrophoresis

A

method of separating serum proteins by electrical charge

28
Q

Define hematopoiesis

A

formation of cells

29
Q

Define hemostasis

A

stopping the flow of blood

30
Q

Define blood dyscrasia

A

disease of the blood

31
Q

Define anemia

A

without blood

32
Q

Name the different types of anemia conditions

A
  • aplastic anemia
  • hemolytic anemia
  • pernicious anemia
  • sickle cell anemia
  • thalassemia
33
Q

Define aplastic anemia
What are the main causes?

A

failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow

  • unknown, idiopathic
    • may be linked to benzene exposure or antibiotics
34
Q

Define hemolytic anemia
What are some examples?

A

reduction in red blood cells due to excessive destruction

  • spherocytic enemia
35
Q

Define pernicious anemia

A

lack of mature erythrocytes
- from inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the bloodstream

36
Q

Define sickle cell anemia
What are some serious complications?
Who’s most at risk?

A

hereditary disorder of abnormal hemoglobin
- produces sickle shaped erythrocytes and hemolysis
- cells are sticky and can form clumps that reduce or block the flow of blood

  • stroke, less blood flow through the lungs
  • most common in Africans
37
Q

Define thalassemia
Where is is most common?

A

inherited disorder of abnormal hemoglobin production - leads to hypochromia

  • Mediterranean/ Asian
38
Q

Define hemophilia

A

excessive bleeding
- from hereditary lack of factors for blood clotting
- VIII and IX

39
Q

Define purpura

A

multiple pinpoint hemorrhages and accumulation of blood under the skin

40
Q

Define leukemia
What are some examples?
Why is acute worse than chronic?

A

increase in cancerous white blood cells

  • acute/chronic myeloid leukemia
  • acute/chronic lymphoid leukemia
  • more fast growing
41
Q

Define multiple myeloma

A

malignant neoplasm of bone marrow
- production of antibodies that destroy bone tissue

42
Q

What can be used to treat leukemia?

A
  • bonemarrow transplant
43
Q

What are some coagulation tests?

A
  • bleeding time
  • coagulation time
  • partial thromboplastin time (PTT)
  • prothrombin time (PT)
44
Q

Define bleeding time

A

time required for blood to stop flowing from a tiny puncture wound

45
Q

Define coagulation time

A

time required for venous blood to clot in a test tube

46
Q

Unabbreviate and define PTT

A

partial thromboplastin time
- measures other clotting factors

47
Q

Unabbreviate and define PT

A

prothrombin time
- test the ability of blood to clot

48
Q

Unabbreviate CBC

A

complete blood count

49
Q

Unabbreviate ESR

A

erythrocyte sedimentation rate

50
Q

Unabbreviate Hct

A

hematocrit

51
Q

Unabbreviate WBC

A

white blood cell count

52
Q

Unabbreviate WBC with diff

A

white blood cell differential count

53
Q

Unabbreviate T&C

A

type and crossmatch

54
Q

Unabbreviate Hb, Hgb

A

hemoglobin test

55
Q

Unabbreviate DIC

A

disseminated intravascular coagulation

56
Q

Unabbreviate H&H

A

hemoglobin and hematocrit

57
Q

Unabbreviate RBC

A

red blood cells count

Medical Terminology (21 decks)

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